Cell therapies with T cells or stem cells hold the potential for treatments for a myriad of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, among others. The integration of endogenous lymphocytes that can infiltrate tumors and the genetically modified T cells enhance the efficacy and applicability of cell therapy treatments for cancer or other diseases. Moreover, the unique properties of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells offer novel therapeutic approaches for tissue repair and regeneration. Unlocking the cellular mechanisms of reprogramming and differentiation holds promise for new cellular therapies, regenerative medicine, and improving model systems to assess drug efficacy and toxicity.

Regardless of your cell therapy study path, we provide innovative tools to help you realize greater efficiency with our strong manufacturing capabilities coupled with our supply base. For over 45 years, Enzo has been collaborating with researchers worldwide, offering unique solutions to advance cell therapy research and accelerate the development and manufacturing of next-generation CAR-T and stem cell therapies. With our comprehensive catalog of unique products, we are committed to providing the tools and support you need to drive innovation and advancement in groundbreaking discovery in personalized medicine.

Isolation and selection of T cells to be genetically engineered are essential steps in the development of cell-based immunotherapies. One of the main challenges is the heterogeneity of T cells populations as not all T cells are suitable for cell therapy.

Enzo offers an extensive repertoire of high-specificity antibodies for the identification, analysis, selection, and isolation of specific T cell populations from complex mixtures by flow cytometry. These antibodies are instrumental and can be used for positive selection purposes, for example to enrich T cells population, or as negative selection purposes to remove contaminating and unwanted cells from the target population.

Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are engineered T cell receptors to give T cells the ability to target a specifc antigen. T cell activation is a critical step for the expression of CAR T cells, wich can be done in the presence of activated B cells, acting as antigen presenting cells (APCs). One of the main challenges is maintaining an adequate level of B cell stimulation to activate the T cells.

MEGACD40L® Protein (soluble)(human) (recombinant)

MEGACD40L® Protein is an optimized, oligomeric construct which mimics in vivo membrane-assisted CD40L aggregation and stimulation without the need for enhancers.
Enzo’s expertise in the production of challenging protein complexes, such as MEGACD40L® protein, results in a product you can rely on for the duration of your study.

• Highly purified protein minimizes unwanted immune activation
• Guarantees reliable results through consistent lot-to-lot performance
• Optimized formulation for improved stability and enhanced activity

In many cases, the number of target T cells in peripheral blood is relatively low. The key at this phase is to develop efficient methods for stimulating the expansion of these cells ex vivo to obtain a sufficient quantity for therapy. Enzo offer a wide range of solutions to scale-up T-cell expansion with our quality, highly tested and cited cytokines and growth factors.

Cytokines and Growth Factors

• Validated for high purity, low endotoxin content, and high enzyme kinetics
• Consistent and dependable lot-to-lot performances
• Superb performance documented in thousands of peer-reviewed publications

T cell exhaustion arise from overstimulation, resulting in dysfunctional cells. Exhausted T cells lose their ability to respond effectively to antigens with significant implications for immunotherapy efficacy. Exhausted T cells often upregulate immune checkpoint receptors, such as PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3), and exhibit reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines production such as interferon-gamma, (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), impacting cytotoxicity, and proliferative capacity.

ELISA Kits and Antibodies

Enzo offers hundreds of ELISA kits in both immunometric and competitive assay formats.

• High specificity and sensitivity
• Rigorously tested for reproducible results, day-after day and lot-after-lot
• Highly cited in thousands of scientific publications

Stem cells are widely studied and used in multiple applications in regenerative medicine for their ability to self-renew and differentiate in various cell types. MSCs (Mesenchymal Stem Cells) have the potential to differentiate into a limited range of cell types, while iPSCs (induced Pluripotent Stem Cells) have the ability to differentiate into virtually any cell type. Typically derived from adult somatic cells, iPSCs are created through a process called reprogramming. One of the primary challenges at the reprogramming step is the low efficiency of the process, resulting in an incomplete shift from differentiated cells into iPSC.

Stem cells can be genetically engineered to express edited target gene and therefore correcting disease-causing mutation. This gene modification process enhances the regenerative or immunomodulatory properties of stem cells therapies. The challenge at this stage is to have a controlled replication of stem cells in vitro, to increase their numbers, while maintaining their undifferentiated and self-renewal capabilities. Small molecules and growth factors play a pivotal role in this process by regulating stem cell proliferation and maintaining their pluripotency or multipotency.

Leupeptin

Leupeptin is a competitive and reversible protease inhibitor serine and cysteine proteinases like calpain, trypsin, and papain. Leupeptin is also known to inhibit activation-induced programmed cell death maintaining viability and functionality of stem cells.

• Highly cited and validated in several applications
• Active in cell cultures and/or protein homogenase for inhibition of proteolysis
• GMP version available

Stem cell self-renewal and differentiation involves complex events which lead to the generation of various progeny cells and tissues. For example, iPSCs are capable of differentiating into virtually any cell type in the body. The efficiency of differentiation is essential to achieve full cell maturation and functionality. Optimizing solutions to enhance the efficiency and scale-up of differentiation is an ongoing challenge. Enzo offer an extensive collection of small molecules that can be used to modulate differentiation, biochemical activity, and cell growth.

ALK5 Inhibitor II

ALK5 (TGF-ß receptor 1) plays a crucial role in cell differentiation processes. Alk5 inhibitor is designed to block the phosphorylation and activation of ALK5 therefore modulating cell fate determination and differentiation.

• Highly validated under a wide range of conditions (highly cited)
• Active in vitro and in vivo for cellular differentiation and the culture of human pluripotent stem cells
• GMP version available

This is the last stage of T cells and stem cells therapy development, and it is criticall and challenging the preservation of cellular viability, functionality, and genetic stability during longterm storage. It is also essential to identify any delayed or cumulative effects of cryopreservation-related toxicity.

Enzo as a long and successful track record in identifying, synthesizing, and commercializing valuable known small molecules to efficiently accelerate the development and scale-up the production of cell-based therapies.

Y-27632 - ROCK Inhibitor

Y-27632 is a highly potent, cell permeable, selective and ATP competitive inhibitor of ROCK1 and ROCK2 (IC50=800nM). This small molecule blocks apoptosis of isolated cells, increases their cloning efficiency, and improves the survival rate of T cells and stem cells undergoing cryopreservation.

• Selective inhibitor of ROCK1 and ROCK2
• Used in the cryopreservation media of stem cells
• Highly cited and validate in several applications in cancer and stem cell studies

At the end of the manufacturing process, it is essential to assess whether cell viability during freezing and thawing has been preserved.

Enzo fluorescent probe-based CELLESTIAL® assays enable multiplex characterization of cell populations, including real-time functional assays to assess cell viability, cell death, and toxicity by flow cytometry.

GFP-CERTIFIED® Apoptosis/Necrosis detection Kit

This is a multiplex assay that distinguises between healthy, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and necrotic cells, compatible with GFP andother fluorescent probes (blue or cyan).

• Assess effects of cell isolation and preservation techniques, drug treatment effects, reprogramming modulators
• Optimized for both fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry applications
• Suitable for use with live or post-fixed cells

Leverage over 45 years of innovation and technical expertise supporting drug development, discovery, research, and diagnostics through our core technology platforms. With over 150,000 citations, GMP and ISO certifications, our highly-sensitive, quality products consistently deliver trusted results. We maintain product integrity and reliability with our in-house U.S. manufacturing facility. We deploy our bench of expert PhD scientists to provide technical, tailored, support for our customers and their projects.

Rely on our extensive experience in innovation, technology development, and manufacturing to support your cell and gene therapy research and development. Our comprehensive Life Sciences Contract Services support the development of customizable, unique, and efficient solutions for all your research needs.

“ Our Technological Depth Enabling Efficiency for our Customers. “