Neurodegeneration is a complex process, and at its core, it involves a series of triggers that gradually erode the structure and function of neurons, leading to a cascade of debilitating effects. Neurodegeneration manifestation includes progressive cognitive decline, which often manifests as a gradual decline in cognitive functions, affecting memory and other cognitive abilities. In Parkinson’s Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, neuronal degeneration leads to motor dysfunction, muscle weakness, and tremor. The common denominator of Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of neurons, which can result in brain atrophy and functional deficits.

For 45 years, Enzo has been collaborating with researchers around the world, developing unique solutions to advance neurodegeneration research and accelerate next-generation therapies’ development.

With our comprehensive catalog of unique products, we are committed to providing the tools and support you need and driving innovation and advancement in neuroscience.

“ For over 45 years, Enzo has been developing innovative tools to advance neuroscience research. “

Trauma, infection, stroke, toxic metabolites, or autoimmunity can cause inflammation in the nervous system. Repeated or chronic inflammation leads to cellular neuroinflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α , IL-1β, and IL-6 IFN-γ play a significant role in neurogenerative disorders. For instance, TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, acts as a modulator in the acute phase of inflammation, triggering inflammatory cytokine signaling cascades.

TNF-α (human), ELISA kit

Our highly sensitive TNF-α ELISA is widely used to measure this primary mediator of immune regulation.

• Highly sensitive and specific ELISA, measuring as little as 8.4 pg/ml
• Validated in culture supernatant, plasma, and serum
• Highly trusted and cited, lot-to-lot consistency, ensuring reproducible results

Several mitochondrial dynamic imbalances have been associated with neurodegeneration. Misfolded protein aggregates can affect organelle homeostasis. Mitochondria accumulation of toxic level of calcium contribute to the dysregulation of homeostasis and releases apoptotic factor that further contributes to cytotoxicity.

MITO-ID® Membrane Potential Cytotoxicity Kit

Enzo’s MITO-ID® Membrane Potential Cytotoxicity Kit is a real-time mitochondrial membrane potential assay with superior sensitivity.

• Superior sensitivity and improved solubility versus alternative dyes (JC-1 or JC-10) allowing toxicity detection at lower drug/dose concentration
• Highly validated for time-course studies evaluating intact and compromised mitochondria
• Photostable dual-emission dye

A subclass of neurodegenerative diseases is associated with dysregulation of proteins homeostasis or proteostasis. When cells cannot efficiently clear or degrade misfolded proteins, they aggregate and assemble in a dynamic and specialized structure called aggresome. The aggresome is a protective mechanism within the cells to sequester and concentrate these aggregated proteins, thereby reducing their detrimental effects.

PROTEOSTAT® Aggresome Detection Kit

Quantitatively detecting misfolded proteins and inclusion bodies is essential in understanding neuronal cell degeneration. PROTEOSTAT® Aggresome Detection Kit has been a valuable tool for studying aggresome-related neurodegenerative diseases in cell-based and animal models. This assay has been highly validated in several research papers.

• Increased sensitivity versus alternative dyes (Thioflavin T) allowing analysis by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry of a variety of samples (cells and tissues)
• Reliable and simple assay does not require protein mutations or genetically engineered cell lines
• Validated under a wide range of conditions, from neurogenerative disease studies to oxidative stress research
• Fix-and-perm assay allowing co-staining of PROTEOSTAT® with antibodies against a variety of targets such as protein aggregates, protein degradation machinery, etc.

Cell death is one of the main factors leading to neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal cell death can be triggered by immune cells during inflammation, extreme impairment of mitochondria, overloaded autophagy pathways, or structural damage due to protein aggregates.

CYTO-ID® Autophagy Detection Kit 2.0

A brighter and more photostable, no-transfection, quantitative assay for monitoring autophagy in live cells.

• Rapid, no transfection required and only 30 minutes of incubation with the staining solution
• Reference product for the analysis of autophagy, highly validated on a very large of number of cell types (cell lines and primary cells)
• Facilitates high-throughput screening of activators and inhibitors of autophagy

Changes in epigenetic regulation, such as altered DNA methylation, histone post-translational modification, and chromatin remodeling, maybe involved in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease.

EPIXTRACT® Total Histone Extraction Kit

A rapid, reliable method to isolate histone proteins in mammalian cells and tissues for histone modification applications.

EPIXTRACT® Total Histone Extraction Kit provides a simple and reliable method to isolate histone proteins in 1 hour. Extracts can be used for various downstream applications, such as post-translational modification assays.

• High Efficiency - extract histones from as low as 105cells or 1mg tissue
• Simple - optimized protocol with easy steps
• Reliable - reproducible results that keep post-translational modifications intact

Cell death is one of the main factors leading to neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal cell death can be triggeredx by immune cells during inflammation, extreme impairment of mitochondria, overloaded autophagy pathways, or structural damage due to protein aggregates.

AMPIVIEW™ RNA Probes for Neuroscience Research

AMPIVIEW™ RNA probes are uniquely designed with the precision of targeted, sequence-specific RNA probes powered by Enzo’s LoopRNA ISH™ technology to deliver superior sensitivity. ISH results with AMPIVIEW™ RNA probes preserve sample morphology, and the signal of the targeted biomarker can be seen under the light microscope.

• Detection of unique nucleic acid targets (DNA/RNA) down to a single cell level
• High sensitivity and reliability
• Flexible products ready for any workflow (Manual or Automated)

High-Quality Antibodies for Neurodegeneration Targets

The Enzo portfolio of neuroscience antibodies includes hundreds of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies validated for immunohistochemistry(IHC) or immunocytochemistry (ICC) protocols. Major targets include markers of neurodegenerative disease, ion channels, neurotransmitters and their receptors, neurofilament and cytoskeletal targets, synaptic vesicle markers, and more. Each of our antibodies is backed by our Worry-free Antibody Trial Program.

Enzo has first-hand experience with unique research challenges. As an integrated biotechnology and life sciences company, we take pride in delivering dependable products and services that advance your neuroscience research from discovery to clinical trials. Our extensive experience manufacturing over 20,000 life science products and platforms gives us the tools to create complete solutions from genomic analysis, protein analysis, cellular analysis, tissue analysis to small molecule chemistry.

Rely on 45 years of innovation, technology development, and manufacturing know-how to support your neuroscience discovery, no matter how small or complex they may be. Our comprehensive Life Sciences Contract Services supports the development of customizable, unique, and efficient solutions for your neuroscience research.

“ Our Technological Depth is our Strength “

As our understanding of neurodegenerative disease origins increases, so does the need for innovative, high quality research tools for developing potential therapeutics. The breadth of Enzo’s expertise across research disciplines from proteostasis and cell analysis, to small molecule chemistry and assay development provides a unique collection of innovative reagents and assays to assess the impact of neurodegeneration on critical neural signaling networks.

Focused Compound Libraries for Neuromodulator Screening

Tired of procuring small molecules from multiple sources? Enzo has a long and successful history of identifying, synthesizing, and commercializing known bioactives for use as research tool compounds and assembling focused sets of compounds for chemical genomics, receptor de-orphaning, drug repurposing, pathway analysis, and more.

Enzo offers over 3000 widely cited and thoroughly validated antibodies, including nearly 500 for key markers of neurodegenerative disease, GPCRs, nerve cell structure proteins, and neural signal transduction. Each of our antibodies is backed by our Worry-free Antibody Trial Program.

• Neurotransmitters
• Neurotransmitter Biosynthesis
• Neurotransmitter Receptors
• Neurodegenerative Markers
• Synaptic Vessicle Markers
• Ion Channel Antibodies

NUPHERIN™ is a biochemical transfection reagent consisting of a cationic peptide fused to a non-classical nuclear localization sequence. The cationic peptide facilitates electrostatic interactions between the DNA and the peptide, and the nuclear localization sequence utilizes the endogenous nuclear transport machinery to deliver the DNA to the nucleus. The end result is high efficiency transfection in non-dividing cells.