Product Details
| Alternative Name: | Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota S-Form |
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| Source: | Smooth (S)-form LPS isolated and purified from Salmonella minnesota (wild type) by a modification of the PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
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| Concentration: | 1mg/ml |
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| Formulation: | Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
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| Purity: | Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |
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| Activity: | Specific activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies. |
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| Shipping: | Ambient |
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| Long Term Storage: | +4°C |
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| Use/Stability: | Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C. |
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| Handling: | Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel. |
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| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
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Product Literature References
Complete Lipooligosaccharide Structure from Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens Sq02-Rifr and Study of Its Immunomodulatory Activity: R. Di Guida, et al.; Mar. Drugs
19, 646 (2021),
Abstract;
Endothelin receptor-antagonists suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release from alveolar macrophages of non-smokers, smokers and COPD subjects: K. Gerlach, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol.
768, 123 (2015),
Application(s): AM stimulation,
Abstract;
Resveratrol impairs the release of steroid-resistant cytokines from bacterial endotoxin-exposed alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: J. Knobloch, et al.; Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol.
109, 138 (2011),
Abstract;
Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry
9, 11 (1993),
Abstract;
Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem.
54, 603 (1975),
Abstract;
A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem.
9, 245 (1969),
Abstract;
