Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

PKC activator



BML-PE160-0001	1 mg	33.00 USD

BML-PE160-0005	5 mg	106.00 USD

Replaces Prod. #: ALX-445-004

PKC activator (10-100 ng/ml). Most commonly used phorbol ester. Causes an extremely wide range of effects in cells and tisues. Very potent mouse skin tumor promoter. Inhibits apoptosis induced by Fas, but induces apoptosis in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.

Product Specification

Formula:	C₃₆H₅₈O₈

MW:	616.8

Purity:	≥99% (TLC)

Appearance:	waxy solid

CAS:	16561-29-8

Solubility:	Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml), 100% ethanol (25mg/ml), acetone, ether or dimethyl formamide; almost insoluble in aqueous buffers.

Long Term Storage:	-20°C

Use/Stability:	Dissolve in an organic solvent prior to dilution into aqueous buffers. Add calculated volume of organic solvent to vial to prepare concentrated stock solution. Intermediate dilutions into the same organic solvent are recommended prior to final dilution into aqueous buffer. Store, as supplied, at -20°C for up to 1 year. Store solutions at -20°C for up to 3 months.

Hazard:	HARMFUL. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Handling:	Protect from light.

Background / Technical Information:	Please click here for the comprehensive product datasheet.

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Product Literature References

Gamma-secretase gene mutations in familial acne inversa: B. Wang, et al.; Science 330, 1065 (2010), Abstract;

Phorbol esters: structure, biological activity, and toxicity in animals: G. Goel, et al.; Int. J. Toxicol. 26, 279 (2007), Abstract;

Inhibitory effects of [6]-gingerol on PMA-induced COX-2 expression and activation of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK in mouse skin: S.O. Kim, et al.; Biofactors 21, 27 (2004), Abstract;

Characterization of phorbol esters activity on individual mammalian protein kinase C isoforms, using the yeast phenotypic assay: L. Saraiva et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 491, 101 (2003), Abstract;

Phorbol esters and neurotransmitter release: more than just protein kinase C?: E.M. Silinsky & T.J. Searl; Br. J. Pharmacol. 138, 1191 (2003), Abstract;

Gene expression of TPA induced differentiation in HL-60 cells by DNA microarray analysis: X. Zheng et al.; Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 4489 (2002), Abstract;

Phorbol esters and synthetic diacylglycerols inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake in human spermatozoa: an effect mediated by protein kinase C?: A. Aanesen et al.; Mol. Hum. Reprod. 4, 339 (1998), Abstract;

Evidence for different mechanisms of growth inhibition of T-cell lymphoma by phorbol esters and concanavalin A: S. Desrivieres et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2470 (1997), Abstract;

Effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate on Ca2+-ATPase activity in rat liver nuclei: K. Oishi & M. Yamaguchi; J, Cell, Biochem, 55, 168 (1994), Abstract;

Phorbol ester induces apoptosis in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells but not in HL-60 PET mutant: D.E. Macfarlane & P.S. O'Donnell; Leukemia 7, 1846 (1993), Abstract;

Differential irreversible insertion of protein kinase C into phospholipid vesicles by phorbol esters and related activators: M.G. Kazanietz et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20878 (1992), Abstract;

Phorbol esters induce nitric oxide synthase activity in rat hepatocytes. Antagonism with the induction elicited by lipopolysaccharide: S. Hortelano et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 24937 (1992), Abstract;

Activation of the PKC-isotypes alpha, beta 1, gamma, delta and epsilon by phorbol esters of different biological activities: V.J. Ryves et al.; FEBS Lett. 288, 5 (1991), Abstract;

Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters: M. Castagna et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7847 (1982), Abstract;

In vitro studies on the mode of action of the phorbol esters, potent tumor promoters: part 1: P.M. Blumberg; CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 8, 153 (1980), Abstract;

Autoxidation of phorbol esters under normal storage conditions: R. Schmidt & E. Hecker; Cancer Res. 35, 1375 (1975), Abstract;