Over 500 million people worldwide are affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 12 million people die prematurely each year of heart disease associated with CKD.
Patients suffering from CKD generally show signs of extensive genetic damage, possibly due to the accumulation of endogenous toxins and oxidative stress mediators.
In a recently published study, Rangel-López and coworkers from various Mexican Medical Research Units explored factors associated with the presence of genetic damage in CKD. The extent of DNA and chromosome damage was measured with the help of a cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and a comet assay. Using Enzo’s ELISA kits, levels of the oxidative stress marker, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the inflammation markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), were also evaluated in the sera of healthy subjects, pre-dialysis CKD patients, and CKD patients undergoing either peritoneal dialysis (PD) or haemodialysis (HD). Micronucleus (MN) frequency and 8-OHdG levels were found to be significantly higher in pre-dialysis CKD patients as well as in patients treated with PD. IL-6 and TNF-α were also increased in pre-dialysis CKD patients with the highest levels found in patients undergoing HD. Finally, a significant increase of tail DNA intensity was observed by comet assay in the cells of pre-dialysis and PD-treated CKD patients. In contrast, patients treated with HD did not show increased MN frequency, 8-OHdG levels or tail DNA intensity. These interesting findings suggest that oxidative stress, inflammation and dialysis modality could play a critical role in the pathology of chronic kidney disease by increasing DNA and chromosome damage.
Enzo Life Sciences offers a comprehensive portfolio of high-sensitivity ELISA kits for quantification of a plethora of markers from various species and sample types, some of which are described below:
Rangel-López A., et al. Genetic damage in patients with chronic kidney disease, peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis: a comparative study. Mutagenesis (2013) 28: 219.
High-sensitivity ELISA kit for quantifying both normal and upregulated levels of Grp78/BiP for unfolded protein response, cancer and neurodegenerative disease research.
Ultra sensitive (1.279 pg/ml) ELISA kit, enabling reduced input sample and matrix interference, for the quantification of KIM-1, an early biomarker for kidney injury or disease.
AMP'D® ELISA Signal Amplification Kit provides up to 50-fold increase in sensitivity over traditional ELISAs while detecting lower concentrations of target in samples.
Ultra-sensitive (7 pg/ml) AMP'D® HSP70 high sensitivity ELISA kit enabling the ability to use less sample and detect both baseline and upregulated levels of human, mouse and rat Hsp70 (Hsp72), a major chaperone, cancer biomarker, and key cell stress regulator.