Building proteins within the cell is a complex process involving post-translational modification and protein folding. Because of the critical role proteins play, incorrect folding can have devastating consequences. Understanding the mechanisms involved in protein misfolding will lead to the development of much needed therapeutics against amyloid disease. Enzo has a number of assay kits and reagents directed at monitoring the delicate balance of protein synthesis, folding, and degradation.
The highly conserved heat shock proteins (HSPs) are constitutively expressed and function as molecular chaperones which facilitate the synthesis and folding of proteins. They also participate in protein assembly, export, turn-over and regulation. Under stressful conditions such as heat shock, pH shift or hypoxia, increased expression of HSPs protect the cell by stabilizing unfolded proteins, giving the cell time to repair or re-synthesize damaged proteins. ELS offers a number of kits, antibodies, proteins, inhibitors and more reagents to study HSPs/chaperones, HSF’s, Grp’s, ERp’s, clusterin and other stress related molecules.
Detection of protein aggregates has applications in both drug discovery and biotherapeutic production. The formation of aggresomes has been implicated in neurodegenerative and liver disease; therefore, screening for inhibitors has become a Pharma objective. Further downstream, biologic production processes must be optimized to monitor and prevent protein aggregation arising from stresses of the manufacturing process. Enzo’s line of ProteoStat® products serve as a toolset for monitoring protein aggregation and stability.
The energetic status of mitochondria (mitochondrial membrane potential, or MMP) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are frequently assayed as evidence of drug-induced cellular stress. Enzo offers cell based assays for MMP and ROS/Superoxide detection, to support our extensive collection of Oxidative Stress products.
Total ROS/Superoxide Detection Kit
Accurately Profile Total ROS and Superoxide with Dual-readout Assay
CYTO-ID® Hypoxia/Oxidative Stress Detection Kit
A no-transfection quantitative assay for monitoring autophagy in live cells.
MITO-ID® Extracellular O2 Sensor Kits
This oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent probe can be used to assess O2 consumption by cultured cells, isolated mitochondria, microorganisms, tissues, and enzymes.
MITO-ID® Extracellular pH Sensor Probe
This pH-sensitive phosphorescent probe can be used to monitor cellular acid extrusion, the result of increased glycolytic flux associated with mitotoxicity.
MITO-ID® Membrane Potential Cytotoxicity Assay Kit
A real-time mitochondrial membrane potential assay with superior sensitivity
