| Alternative Name: | PAR-4 |
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| Host: | Rabbit |
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| Immunogen: | Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 136-150 (with a C149S replacement) of human PAR-4 (proteinase-activated receptor-4). |
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| UniProt ID: | Q96RI0 |
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| Species reactivity: | Human, Rat
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| Applications: | Flow Cytometry, ICC, IHC, WB
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| Positive Control: | Included |
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| Formulation: | Lyophilized from PBS, pH 7.4, containing 1% BSA and 0.025% sodium azide. |
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| Reconstitution: | Antibody: Reconstitute with 50 µl of deionized water for BML-SA652-0050. Reconstitute with 200 µl deionized water for BML-SA652-0200. This will yield a 0.8 mg/ml concentration.
Control peptide: Reconstitute with 100 µl of deionized water. This will yield a 0.4 mg/ml concentration. |
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| Shipping: | Blue Ice |
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| Long Term Storage: | -20°C |
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| Scientific Background: | PAR-4 belongs to a four member family of G protein-coupled receptors (PAR-1 to -4) that are activated as a result of proteolytic cleavage by certain serine proteases, hence their name. In this modality of activation, a specific proteinase cleaves the PAR receptor within a defined sequence in its extracellular N-terminal domain. This cleavage results in the creation of a new N-terminal sequence (tethered ligand), which subsequently binds to a site in the second extracellular loop of the same receptor. This binding results in the coupling of the receptor to G proteins and in the activation of several signal transduction pathways. Different PARs are activated by different proteinases. PAR-4 is activated by both thrombin and trypsin whereas PAR-1 and PAR-3 are activated by thrombin and PAR-2 is activated by trypsin. PAR-4 can be also cleaved and activated by other proteinases such as cathepsin G. The intracellular signaling mechanisms mediated by PAR-4 activation are not completely elucidated but they may involve calcium mobilization downstream of phospholipase C through the Gαq pathway. Tissue distribution of PAR-4 is very broad with the highest expression levels found in lung, testis, pancreas and small intestine. In addition, PAR-4 expression was observed in platelets, megakaryocytes and leukocytes. Studies with platelets derived form PAR-4 knockout mice have established an essential role for PAR-4 in thrombin-induced platelet activation.PAR-4 is likely involved in other physiological functions such as regulation of gastrointestinal motility and regulation of vascular endothelial cell function. |
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| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
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