Replaces Prod. #: ALX-581-001
Product Details
| Alternative Name: | Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype O55:B5 S-form |
| |
| Source: | Smooth (S)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli 055:B5 by a modification of the phenol water extraction and PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
| |
| Concentration: | 1mg/ml |
| |
| Formulation: | Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
| |
| Purity: | Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |
| |
| Activity: | Specific activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies. |
| |
| Shipping: | Ambient |
| |
| Long Term Storage: | +4°C |
| |
| Use/Stability: | Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C. |
| |
| Handling: | Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel. |
| |
| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
| |
Figure: TLR4-dependent proliferation of mouse splenocytesMethod: 4x105 mouse spleen cells were incubated in 0.2ml per well with 10µg/ml LPS or with medium only. Proliferation was determined in triplicates by 3H-thymidine incorporation.
Please mouse over
Product Literature References
Inhibition of transcription factor NFAT activity in activated platelets enhances their aggregation and exacerbates gram-negative bacterial septicemia: V. Poli, et al.; Immunity
55, 224 (2022),
Abstract;
Protection against severe infant lower respiratory tract infections by immune training: Mechanistic studies: N.M. Troy, et al.; J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2022),
Abstract;
CRIg on liver macrophages clears pathobionts and protects against alcoholic liver disease: Y. Duan, et al.; Nat. Commun.
12, 7172 (2021),
Abstract;
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B promotes Ca2+ mobilization and the inflammatory activity of dendritic cells: L. Marongiu, et al.; Sci. Signal.
14, 2120 (2021),
Abstract;
Neural stem cells traffic functional mitochondria via extracellular vesicles: L.P. Jametti, et al.; PLoS Biol.
19, 1371 (2021),
Abstract;
The development of novel glucocorticoid receptor antagonists: From rational chemical design to therapeutic efficacy in metabolic disease models: J. Kroon, et al.; Pharmacol. Res.
168, 105588 (2021),
Abstract;
CD40L membrane retention enhances the immunostimulatory effects of CD40 ligation: T. Elmetwali, et al.; Sci. Rep.
10, 342 (2020),
Abstract;
Full Text
G-CSF and G-CSFR Induce a Pro-Tumorigenic Macrophage Phenotype to Promote Colon and Pancreas Tumor Growth: I. Karagiannidis, et al.; Cancers (Basel)
12, 2868 (2020),
Abstract;
Full Text
GM-CSF induces noninflammatory proliferation of microglia and disturbs electrical neuronal network rhythms in situ: H. Dikmen, et al.; J. Neuroinflammation
17, 235 (2020),
Abstract;
Full Text
Vascular miR-181b controls tissue factor-dependent thrombogenicity and inflammation in type 2 diabetes: M. Witkowski, et al.; Cardiovasc. Diabetol.
19, 20 (2020),
Abstract;
Full Text
Baltic amber teething necklaces: could succinic acid leaching from beads provide anti-inflammatory effects?: M.D. Nissen, et al.; BMC Complement. Altern. Med.
19, 162 (2019),
Abstract;
Monocyte procoagulant responses to anthrax peptidoglycan are reinforced by proinflammatory cytokine signaling: N.I. Popescu, et al.; Blood Adv.
3, 2436 (2019),
Abstract;
Full Text
The Role of Maternally Acquired Antibody in Providing Protective Immunity Against Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Urban Vietnamese Infants: A Birth Cohort Study: R. de Alwis, et al.; J. Infect Dis.
219, 295 (2019),
Abstract;
Full Text
Anti-TLR2 antibody triggers oxidative phosphorylation in microglia and increases phagocytosis of β-amyloid: A. Rubio-Araiz, et al.; J. Neuroinflammation
15, 247 (2018),
Abstract;
Full Text
Mouse LIMR3/CD300f is a negative regulator of the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils: K. Ueno, et al.; Sci. Rep.
8, 17406 (2018),
Abstract;
Full Text
Mycobacterial Phenolic Glycolipids Selectively Disable TRIF-Dependent TLR4 Signaling in Macrophages: R. Oldenburg, et al.; Front. Immunol.
9, 2 (2018),
Abstract;
Full Text
Soluble mucus component CLCA1 modulates expression of leukotactic cytokines and BPIFA1 in murine alveolar macrophages but not in bone marrow-derived macrophages: N.A. Erickson, et al.; Histochem. Cell Biol.
149, 619 (2018),
Abstract;
Full Text
Inhibition of SIK2 and SIK3 during differentiation enhances the anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages: N.J. Darling, et al.; Biochem. J.
474, 521 (2017),
Abstract;
Full Text
The Syk-NFAT-IL-2 Pathway in Dendritic Cells Is Required for Optimal Sterile Immunity Elicited by Alum Adjuvants: H.J. Khameneh, et al.; J. Immunol.
198, 196 (2017),
Abstract;
Full Text
Dynorphin 1-17 and Its N-Terminal Biotransformation Fragments Modulate Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Nuclear Factor-kappa B Nuclear Translocation, Interleukin-1beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Differentiated THP-1 Cells: S.S. Fazalul Rahiman, et al.; PLoS One
11, e0153005 (2016),
Application(s): Cell culture,
Abstract;
Full Text
Enhancing the anti-inflammatory activity of chalcones by tuning the Michael acceptor site: H. Rucker, et al.; Org. Biomol. Chem.
13, 3040 (2015),
Abstract;
Lipopolysaccharide-induced multinuclear cells: increased internalization of polystyrene beads and possible signals for cell fusion: M. Nakanishi-Matsui, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
440, 611 (2013),
Abstract;
Lipopolysaccharide induces multinuclear cell from RAW264. 7 line with increased phagocytosis activity: M. Nakanishi-Matsui, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
425, 144 (2012),
Abstract;
Similarities and differences of innate immune responses elicited by smooth and rough LPS: I. Zanoni, et al.; Immunol. Lett.
142, 41 (2012),
Abstract;
Stimulation of TLR4 by recombinant HSP70 requires structural integrity of the HSP70 protein itself: M. Luong, et al.; J. Inflamm (Lond)
9, 11 (2012),
Abstract;
Full Text
CD14 and TRIF govern distinct responsiveness and responses in mouse microglial TLR4 challenges by structural variants of LPS: T. Regen, et al.; Brain Behav. Immun.
25, 957 (2011),
Abstract;
CD14 controls the LPS-induced endocytosis of Toll-like receptor 4: I. Zanoni, et al.; Cell
147, 868 (2011),
Abstract;
Mice lacking Tbk1 activity exhibit immune cell infiltrates in multiple tissues and increased susceptibility to LPS-induced lethality: E. Marchlik, et al.; J. Leukoc. Biol.
88, 1171 (2010),
Abstract;
R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol.
36, 701 (2006),
Abstract;
Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry
9, 11 (1993),
Abstract;
Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem.
54, 603 (1975),
Abstract;
A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem.
9, 245 (1969),
Abstract;
