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LPS from E. coli, Serotype O111:B4 (TLRGRADE™) (Ready-to-Use)

TLR4 activator



ALX-581-012-L001	1 ml	145.00 USD

ALX-581-012-L002	2 ml	250.00 USD
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Product Specification

Alternative Name:	Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype O111:B4 S-form

Source:	Smooth (S)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli O111:B4 by a modification of the phenol water extraction and PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water.

Concentration:	1mg/ml

Formulation:	Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water.

Purity:	Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity.

Activity:	Specific activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies.

Shipping:	Ambient

Long Term Storage:	+4°C

Use/Stability:	Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C.

Handling:	Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel.

Regulatory Status:	RUO - Research Use Only

LPS from E. coli, Serotype O55:B5 (TLRGRADE™) (Ready-to-Use) image

Figure: TLR4-dependent proliferation of mouse splenocytesMethod: 4x10⁵ mouse spleen cells were incubated in 0.2ml per well with 10µg/ml LPS or with medium only. Proliferation was determined in triplicates by ³H-thymidine incorporation.

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Product Literature References

Inflammasome-Driven Interleukin-1α andInterleukin-1β Production in Atherosclerotic Plaques Relates to Hyperlipidemia and Plaque Complexity: X. Jiang, et al.; JACC Basic Transl. Sci. 4, 304 (2019), Abstract; Full Text

Development of novel NEMO-binding domain mimetics for inhibiting IKK/NF-?B activation: J. Zhao, et al.; PLoS Biol. 16, e2004663 (2018), Abstract; Full Text

Human monocytes stimulated by Shiga toxin 1a via globotriaosylceramide release proinflammatory molecules associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome: M. Brigotti, et al.; Int. J. Med Microbiol. 308, 940 (2018), Abstract;

Microparticulate Caspase-1 Regulates Gasdermin-D and Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury: S. Mitra, et al.; Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 59, 56 (2018), Abstract;

Monocyte Trafficking, Engraftment, and Delivery of Nanoparticles and an Exogenous Gene into the Acutely Inflamed Brain Tissue - Evaluations on Monocyte-Based Delivery System for the Central Nervous System: H.I. Tong, et al.; PLoS One 11, e0154022 (2016), Application(s): Incubation into the brain of mice, Abstract; Full Text

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Does Not Inhibit Human Monocyte Caspase-1: M.A. Rahman, et al.; PLoS One 10, e0117330 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract; Full Text

Intrathecal heat shock protein 60 mediates neurodegeneration and demyelination in the CNS through a TLR4- and MyD88-dependent pathway: K. Rosenberger, et al.; Molec. Neurodegen. 10, 5 (2015), Application(s): Injection, Abstract; Full Text

Identification of TLR4 as the receptor that recognizes Shiga toxins in human neutrophils: M. Brigotti, et al.; J. Immunol. 191, 4748 (2013), Abstract;

LIM-only protein FHL2 activates NF-κB signaling in the control of liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis: J. Dahan, et al.; Mol. Cell Biol. 33, 3299 (2013), Abstract;

Toll-like receptor 3 and 4 signalling through the TRIF and TRAM adaptors in haematopoietic cells promotes atherosclerosis: A. M. Lundberg et al.; Cardiovasc. Res. 99, 364 (2013), Abstract;

28 LDLR and properdin cooperate in LPS-mediated cell signalling: L. Francescut, et al.; Heart 9, e7 (2011), Abstract;

CC chemokine ligand-2 synergizes with the nonchemokine G protein-coupled receptor ligand fMLP in monocyte chemotaxis, and it cooperates with the TLR ligand LPS via induction of CXCL8: M. Gouwy, et al.; J. Leukoc. Biol. 86, 671 (2009), Abstract; Full Text

R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 701 (2006), Abstract;

Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry 9, 11 (1993), Abstract;

Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 603 (1975), Abstract;

A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 9, 245 (1969), Abstract;

General Literature References

Noncanonical inflammasome activation by intracellular LPS independent of TLR4.: N. Kayagaki, et al.; Science 341, 1246 (2013), Abstract;

Effect of lipopolysaccharides of gram negative bacilli on the rat litter in utero: J.B. Thiersch; Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 109, 429 (1962), Abstract;