Product Details
Alternative Name: | Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype O111:B4 S-form |
|
Source: | Smooth (S)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli O111:B4 by a modification of the phenol water extraction and PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
|
Concentration: | 1mg/ml |
|
Formulation: | Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
|
Purity: | Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |
|
Activity: | Specific activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies. |
|
Shipping: | Ambient |
|
Long Term Storage: | +4°C |
|
Use/Stability: | Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C. |
|
Handling: | Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel. |
|
Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
|
Figure: TLR4-dependent proliferation of mouse splenocytesMethod: 4x105 mouse spleen cells were incubated in 0.2ml per well with 10µg/ml LPS or with medium only. Proliferation was determined in triplicates by 3H-thymidine incorporation.
Please mouse over
Product Literature References
Neural stem cells traffic functional mitochondria via extracellular vesicles: L.P. Jametti, et al.; PLoS Biol.
19, 1371 (2021),
Abstract;
Inflammasome-Driven Interleukin-1α andInterleukin-1β Production in Atherosclerotic Plaques Relates to Hyperlipidemia and Plaque Complexity: X. Jiang, et al.; JACC Basic Transl. Sci.
4, 304 (2019),
Abstract;
Full Text
Development of novel NEMO-binding domain mimetics for inhibiting IKK/NF-?B activation: J. Zhao, et al.; PLoS Biol.
16, e2004663 (2018),
Abstract;
Full Text
Human monocytes stimulated by Shiga toxin 1a via globotriaosylceramide release proinflammatory molecules associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome: M. Brigotti, et al.; Int. J. Med Microbiol.
308, 940 (2018),
Abstract;
Microparticulate Caspase-1 Regulates Gasdermin-D and Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury: S. Mitra, et al.; Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol.
59, 56 (2018),
Abstract;
Monocyte Trafficking, Engraftment, and Delivery of Nanoparticles and an Exogenous Gene into the Acutely Inflamed Brain Tissue - Evaluations on Monocyte-Based Delivery System for the Central Nervous System: H.I. Tong, et al.; PLoS One
11, e0154022 (2016),
Application(s): Incubation into the brain of mice,
Abstract;
Full Text
Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Does Not Inhibit Human Monocyte Caspase-1: M.A. Rahman, et al.; PLoS One
10, e0117330 (2015),
Application(s): Cell Culture,
Abstract;
Full Text
Intrathecal heat shock protein 60 mediates neurodegeneration and demyelination in the CNS through a TLR4- and MyD88-dependent pathway: K. Rosenberger, et al.; Molec. Neurodegen.
10, 5 (2015),
Application(s): Injection,
Abstract;
Full Text
Identification of TLR4 as the receptor that recognizes Shiga toxins in human neutrophils: M. Brigotti, et al.; J. Immunol.
191, 4748 (2013),
Abstract;
LIM-only protein FHL2 activates NF-κB signaling in the control of liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis: J. Dahan, et al.; Mol. Cell Biol.
33, 3299 (2013),
Abstract;
Toll-like receptor 3 and 4 signalling through the TRIF and TRAM adaptors in haematopoietic cells promotes atherosclerosis: A. M. Lundberg et al.; Cardiovasc. Res.
99, 364 (2013),
Abstract;
28 LDLR and properdin cooperate in LPS-mediated cell signalling: L. Francescut, et al.; Heart
9, e7 (2011),
Abstract;
CC chemokine ligand-2 synergizes with the nonchemokine G protein-coupled receptor ligand fMLP in monocyte chemotaxis, and it cooperates with the TLR ligand LPS via induction of CXCL8: M. Gouwy, et al.; J. Leukoc. Biol.
86, 671 (2009),
Abstract;
Full Text
R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol.
36, 701 (2006),
Abstract;
Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry
9, 11 (1993),
Abstract;
Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem.
54, 603 (1975),
Abstract;
A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem.
9, 245 (1969),
Abstract;
General Literature References
Noncanonical inflammasome activation by intracellular LPS independent of TLR4.: N. Kayagaki, et al.; Science
341, 1246 (2013),
Abstract;
Effect of lipopolysaccharides of gram negative bacilli on the rat litter in utero: J.B. Thiersch; Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.
109, 429 (1962),
Abstract;