TLR4-specific activation as shown in TLR4-deficient cells
Convenient and stable ready-to-use solution
Highly cited
TLRGRADE® LPS is commonly used to active TLR4, trigger inflammatory signaling, and co-stimulate the immune response, both in vitro and in vivo.
Product Details
Alternative Name:
Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype EH100(Ra)
Biological Activity:
Strong activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. It does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4-deficient mice. No further re-extraction required. Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies.
Source:
Rough (R)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli EH100 (Ra-mutant) by a modification of the PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water.
Concentration:
1mg/ml
Formulation:
Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in double distilled, pyrogen-free water.
Purity:
Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity.
Appearance:
Clear colorless liquid. Note that when stored as directed at +4°C the solution may experience micro-crystallization and appear turbid. This turbidity will clear upon warming and does not affect the performance of the product.
Shipping:
Ambient Temperature
Long Term Storage:
+4°C
Use/Stability:
Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C.
Handling:
Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel.
Regulatory Status:
RUO - Research Use Only
Product Literature References
Apis mellifera anatoliaca Venom Exerted Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated Mammalian Macrophages by Reducing the Production of the Inflammatory Cytokines: S. Sevin, et al.; Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 195, 3194 (2023), Abstract;
Preferential production and secretion of the complement regulator factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) by human myeloid cells: M.F. van Essen, et al.; Immunobiology 228, 152364 (2023), Abstract;
Exposure modality influences viral kinetics but not respiratory outcome of COVID-19 in multiple nonhuman primate species: A. Fears, et al.; PLoS Pathog. 18, e1010618 (2022), Abstract; Full Text
H3K9 trimethylation in active chromatin restricts the usage of functional CTCF sites in SINE B2 repeats: F. Gualdrini, et al.; Genes Dev. 36, 414 (2022), Abstract; Full Text
Intralesional TLR4 agonist treatment strengthens the organ defense against colonizing cancer cells in the brain: R. Blazquez, et al.; Oncogene 41, 5008 (2022), Abstract;
Mannheimia haemolytica Negatively Affects Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1.1 Replication Capacity In Vitro: C.A. Cowick, et al.; Microorganisms 10, 2158 (2022), Abstract;
MK2 Inhibitors as a Potential Crohn’s Disease Treatment Approach for Regulating MMP Expression, Cleavage of Checkpoint Molecules and T Cell Activity: E.J. Lebish, et al.; Pharmaceuticals 15, 1508 (2022), Abstract;
Mouse innate-like B-1 lymphocytes promote inhaled particle-induced in vitro granuloma formation and inflammation in conjunction with macrophages: L. Hiéronimus, et al.; Arch. Toxicol. 96, 585 (2022), Abstract;
RNPS1 inhibits excessive tumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling to support hematopoiesis in mice: X. Zhong, et al.; PNAS 119, e2200128119 (2022), Abstract;
Smooth muscle cell specific NEMO deficiency inhibits atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice: T. Imai, et al.; Sci. Rep. 12, 12538 (2022), Abstract; Full Text
A PGE2-MEF2A axis enables context-dependent control of inflammatory gene expression: F. Cilenti, et al.; Immunity 54, 1665 (2021), Abstract; Full Text
Caffeine protects against retinal inflammation: F. Conti, et al.; Front. Pharmacol. 12, 824885 (2021), Abstract; Full Text
CRIg on liver macrophages clears pathobionts and protects against alcoholic liver disease: Y. Duan, et al.; Nat. Commun. 12, 7172 (2021), Abstract;
Dendritic cell-specific role for Pellino2 as a mediator of TLR9 signaling pathway: E. Oleszycka, et al.; J. Immunol. 9, 2325 (2021), Abstract; Full Text
Effects of vitamin D3 and meso-zeaxanthin on human retinal pigmented epithelial cells in three integrated in vitro paradigms of age-related macular degeneration: F. Lazzara, et al.; Front. Pharmacol. 12, 778165 (2021), Abstract; Full Text
Extracellular succinate hyperpolarizes M2 macrophages through SUCNR1/GPR91-mediated Gq signaling: M. Trauelsen, et al.; Cell Rep. 35, 109246 (2021), Abstract;
Inflammation causes remodeling of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase mediated by the bifunctional gene C15orf48: S. Clayton, et al.; Sci. Adv. 7, eabl5182 (2021), Abstract; Full Text
NFAT5 amplifies antipathogen responses by enhancing chromatin accessibility, H3K27 demethylation, and transcription factor recruitment: G. Lunazzi, et al.; J. Immunol. 11, 2652 (2021), Abstract; Full Text
Signaling metabolite L-2-hydroxyglutarate activates the transcription factor HIF-1α in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: N. Williams, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 298, 101501 (2021), Abstract; Full Text
Autophosphorylation at serine 166 regulates RIP kinase 1-mediated cell death and inflammation: L. Laurien, et al.; Nat. Commun. 11, 1747 (2020), Abstract; Full Text
The immunomodulatory metabolite itaconate modifies NLRP3 and inhibits inflammasome activation: A. Hooftman, et al.; Cell Metab. 32, 468 (2020), Abstract; Full Text
A20 prevents inflammasome-dependent arthritis by inhibiting macrophage necroptosis through its ZnF7 ubiquitin-binding domain: A.Polykratis, et al.; Nat. Cell Biol. 6, 731 (2019), Abstract;
Escalating threat levels of bacterial infection can be discriminated by distinct MAPK and NF-κB signaling dynamics in single host cells: K. Lane, et al.; Cell Syst. 8, 183 (2019), Abstract;
Glutathione transferase Omega-1 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation through NEK7 deglutathionylation: M. Hughes, et al.; Cell Rep. 29, 151 (2019), Abstract;
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino2 mediates priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome: F. Humphries, et al.; Nat. Commun. 9, 1560 (2018), Abstract; Full Text
Gain-of-function mutation of tristetraprolin impairs negative feedback control of macrophages in vitro, yet has overwhelmingly anti-inflammatory consequences in vivo: J.D. O'Neil, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol. 37, e00536 (2017), Abstract; Full Text
HIV-1 gp120 influences the expression of microRNAs in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via STAT3 activation: A. Masotti, et al.; BMC Genomics 16, 480 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract; Full Text
Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates Hif-1α activity and IL-1β induction and is a critical determinant of the warburg effect in LPS-activated macrophages: E.M. Palsson-McDermott, et al.; Cell Metab. 21, 65 (2015), Application(s): Size Exclusion Chromatography, Western Blotting, Abstract; Full Text
Activation of TLR4 signaling promotes gastric cancer progression by inducing mitochondrial ROS production: X. Yuan, et al.; Cell Death Dis. 4, e794 (2013), Abstract; Full Text
CD200 fusion protein decreases microglial activation in the hippocampus of aged rats: F.F. Cox, et al.; Brain Behav. Immun. 26, 789 (2012), Abstract;
CD14 and TRIF govern distinct responsiveness and responses in mouse microglial TLR4 challenges by structural variants of LPS: T. Regen, et al.; Brain Behav. Immun. 25, 957 (2011), Abstract;
Inhibitors of p38 suppress cytokine production in rheumatoid arthritis synovial membranes: does variable inhibition of interleukin-6 production limit effectiveness in vivo?: T.H. Page, et al.; Arthritis Rheum. 62, 3221 (2010), Abstract;
Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling in CD4(+) T Lymphocytes Promotes T Helper 17 Responses and Regulates the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease: J.M. Reynolds, et al.; Immunity 32, 692 (2010), Abstract;
Inflammasome-mediated disease animal models reveal roles for innate but not adaptive immunity: S.D. Brydges, et al.; Immunity 30, 875 (2009), Abstract;
Interleukin-1 and IL-23 induce innate IL-17 production from gammadelta T cells, amplifying Th17 responses and autoimmunity: C.E. Sutton, et al.; Immunity 31, 331 (2009), Abstract;
Interleukin-17-producing gammadelta T cells selectively expand in response to pathogen products and environmental signals: B. Martin, et al.; Immunity 31, 321 (2009), Abstract;
Lipopolysaccharide elicits expression of immune-related genes in the silkworm, Bombyx mori: H. Tanaka, et al.; Insect Mol. Biol. 18, 71 (2009), Abstract;
MyD88 adaptor-like is not essential for TLR2 signaling and inhibits signaling by TLR3: E. F. Kenny, et al.; J. Immunol. 183, 3642 (2009), Abstract;
Suppression of interleukin-33 bioactivity through proteolysis by apoptotic caspases: A. U. Lüthi, et al.; Immunity 31, 84 (2009), Abstract;
TRIL, a Functional Component of the TLR4 Signaling Complex, Highly Expressed in Brain: S.Carpenter, et al.; J. Immunol. 183, 3989 (2009), Abstract;
R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 701 (2006), Abstract;
Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry 9, 11 (1993), Abstract;
Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 603 (1975), Abstract;
A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 9, 245 (1969), Abstract;
Rough (R)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli R515 (Re mutant) by a modification of the PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water., Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. | Print as PDF
Rough (R)-form LPS, isolated and purified from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re mutant) by a modification of the PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water., Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. | Print as PDF
Smooth (S)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli 055:B5 by a modification of the phenol water extraction and PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water., Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. | Print as PDF
Rough (R)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli J5 (Rc mutant) by a modification of the PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water., Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. | Print as PDF
Isolated from E. coli R515 (Re mutant). Prepared by mild acid hydrolysis from purified Escherichia coli R515 (Re) LPS (isolated by a modification of the PCP extraction method), converted to the uniform salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water., ≥99.9% (regarding protein or DNA contaminants; KDO not detectable) | Print as PDF
Isolated from E. coli, SerotypeR515 (Re mutant). Prepared by acid hydrolysis from purified E. coli, SerotypeR515 (Re) LPS (isolated by a modification of the PCP extraction method), converted to the uniform salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water., ≥99.9% (regarding protein or DNA contaminants; KDO not detectable) | Print as PDF
