Product Details
| Alternative Name: | Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype EH100(Ra) |
| |
| Source: | Rough (R)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli EH100 (Ra-mutant) by a modification of the PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
| |
| Concentration: | 1mg/ml |
| |
| Formulation: | Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in double distilled, pyrogen-free water. |
| |
| Purity: | Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |
| |
| Appearance: | Clear colorless liquid. Note that when stored as directed at +4°C the solution may experience micro-crystallization and appear turbid. This turbidity will clear upon warming and does not affect the performance of the product. |
| |
| Activity: | Strong activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. No further re-extraction required.Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies. |
| |
| Shipping: | Ambient |
| |
| Long Term Storage: | +4°C |
| |
| Use/Stability: | Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C. |
| |
| Handling: | Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel. |
| |
| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
| |
Product Literature References
Mouse innate-like B-1 lymphocytes promote inhaled particle-induced in vitro granuloma formation and inflammation in conjunction with macrophages: L. Hiéronimus, et al.; Arch. Toxicol.
96, 585 (2022),
Abstract;
CRIg on liver macrophages clears pathobionts and protects against alcoholic liver disease: Y. Duan, et al.; Nat. Commun.
12, 7172 (2021),
Abstract;
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino2 mediates priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome: F. Humphries, et al.; Nat. Commun.
9, 1560 (2018),
Abstract;
Full Text
Gain-of-function mutation of tristetraprolin impairs negative feedback control of macrophages in vitro, yet has overwhelmingly anti-inflammatory consequences in vivo: J.D. O'Neil, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol.
37, e00536 (2017),
Abstract;
Full Text
HIV-1 gp120 influences the expression of microRNAs in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via STAT3 activation: A. Masotti, et al.; BMC Genomics
16, 480 (2015),
Application(s): Cell Culture,
Abstract;
Full Text
Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates Hif-1α activity and IL-1β induction and is a critical determinant of the warburg effect in LPS-activated macrophages: E.M. Palsson-McDermott, et al.; Cell Metab.
21, 65 (2015),
Application(s): Size Exclusion Chromatography, Western Blotting,
Abstract;
Full Text
Activation of TLR4 signaling promotes gastric cancer progression by inducing mitochondrial ROS production: X. Yuan, et al.; Cell Death Dis.
4, e794 (2013),
Abstract;
Full Text
CD200 fusion protein decreases microglial activation in the hippocampus of aged rats: F.F. Cox, et al.; Brain Behav. Immun.
26, 789 (2012),
Abstract;
CD14 and TRIF govern distinct responsiveness and responses in mouse microglial TLR4 challenges by structural variants of LPS: T. Regen, et al.; Brain Behav. Immun.
25, 957 (2011),
Abstract;
Inhibitors of p38 suppress cytokine production in rheumatoid arthritis synovial membranes: does variable inhibition of interleukin-6 production limit effectiveness in vivo?: T.H. Page, et al.; Arthritis Rheum.
62, 3221 (2010),
Abstract;
Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling in CD4(+) T Lymphocytes Promotes T Helper 17 Responses and Regulates the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease: J.M. Reynolds, et al.; Immunity
32, 692 (2010),
Abstract;
Inflammasome-mediated disease animal models reveal roles for innate but not adaptive immunity: S.D. Brydges, et al.; Immunity
30, 875 (2009),
Abstract;
Interleukin-1 and IL-23 induce innate IL-17 production from gammadelta T cells, amplifying Th17 responses and autoimmunity: C.E. Sutton, et al.; Immunity
31, 331 (2009),
Abstract;
Interleukin-17-producing gammadelta T cells selectively expand in response to pathogen products and environmental signals: B. Martin, et al.; Immunity
31, 321 (2009),
Abstract;
Lipopolysaccharide elicits expression of immune-related genes in the silkworm, Bombyx mori: H. Tanaka, et al.; Insect Mol. Biol.
18, 71 (2009),
Abstract;
MyD88 adaptor-like is not essential for TLR2 signaling and inhibits signaling by TLR3: E. F. Kenny, et al.; J. Immunol.
183, 3642 (2009),
Abstract;
Suppression of interleukin-33 bioactivity through proteolysis by apoptotic caspases: A. U. Lüthi, et al.; Immunity
31, 84 (2009),
Abstract;
TRIL, a Functional Component of the TLR4 Signaling Complex, Highly Expressed in Brain: S.Carpenter, et al.; J. Immunol.
183, 3989 (2009),
Abstract;
R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol.
36, 701 (2006),
Abstract;
Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry
9, 11 (1993),
Abstract;
Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem.
54, 603 (1975),
Abstract;
A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem.
9, 245 (1969),
Abstract;
