Product Specification
| Alternative Name: | Inflammatory profilin, Toll-like receptor 11 ligand, TLR11 ligand |
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| Sequence: | aa (1-163) |
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| MW: | ~47kDa |
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| Source: | Produced in E. coli. Full length profilin (aa 1-163) from Toxoplasma gondii is fused to an N-terminal GST-tag. |
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| UniProt ID: | Q58NA1 |
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| Concentration: | 0.1mg/ml after reconstitution. |
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| Formulation: | Lyophilized. Contains PBS. |
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| Purity: | ≥95% (SDS-PAGE) |
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| Endotoxin Content: | <0.1EU/µg purified protein (LAL test; Associates of Cape Cod). |
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| Reconstitution: | Reconstitute with 100µl sterile, endotoxin-free water. Further dilutions should be made with medium containing 5% fetal calf serum. |
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| Shipping: | Shipped on Blue Ice |
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| Long Term Storage: | -20°C |
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| Use/Stability: | Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -20°C. |
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| Handling: | Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. |
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| Scientific Background: | The initial recognition of pathogens during host defense is mediated by a family of receptors termed toll-like receptors (TLR). TLRs recognize conserved microbial components, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To date, 11 TLRs have been cloned in mammals and each receptor appears to be involved in the recognition of a unique set of PAMPs that are distinct in their chemical nature and structure. TLR11 has a role in uropathogenic E. coli infection and senses the profilin protein from the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Profilins are a class of small actin-binding proteins present only in eukaryotic cells. T. gondii profilin shares significant homology only with profilin genes from other apicomplexan protozoa, such as the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, suggesting that TLR11 may be involved in the recognition of these parasites. Profilin activates and induces TLR11-dependent IL-12p40 production from dendritic cells, and is known to bind TLR11 from mouse. |
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| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
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Product Literature References
Identification and functional characterization of nonmammalian Toll-like receptor 20: D. Pietretti, et al.; Immunogenetics
66, 123 (2014),
Abstract;
Toll-like receptor 11-initiated innate immune response in male mouse germ cells: Q. Chen, et al.; Biol. Reprod.
90, 38 (2014),
Abstract;
General Literature References
Toll-like receptor recognition regulates immunodominance in an antimicrobial CD4+ T cell response: F. Yarovinsky, et al.; Immunity
25, 655 (2006),
Abstract;
Of mice and man: TLR11 (finally) finds profilin: F.N. Lauw, et al.; Trends Immunol.
26, 509 (2005),
Abstract;
TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein: F. Yarovinsky, et al.; Science
308, 1626 (2005),
Abstract;
A toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria: D. Zhang, et al.; Science
303, 1522 (2004),
Abstract;
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