Metformin is an antidiabetic agent. Reduces the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Does not induce hypoglycemia. Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via activation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Has antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines.
Product Details
| Alternative Name: | 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide . hydrochloride |
| |
| Formula: | C4H11N5 . HCl |
| |
| MW: | 165.6 |
| |
| CAS: | 1115-70-4 |
| |
| MI: | 14: 5938 |
| |
| RTECS: | DU1800000 |
| |
| Purity: | ≥97% (Assay) |
| |
| Appearance: | White crystalline powder. |
| |
| Solubility: | Soluble in water (50mg/ml). |
| |
| Shipping: | Ambient Temperature |
| |
| Long Term Storage: | +4°C |
| |
| Use/Stability: | Stock solutions are stable for up to 6 months when stored at -20°C. |
| |
| Handling: | Hygroscopic. |
| |
| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
| |
Please mouse over
Product Literature References
In vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging of macrophage intracellular metabolism during wound responses in zebrafish: V. Miskolci, et al.; Elife
11, e66080 (2022),
Abstract;
Let-7 underlies metformin-induced inhibition of hepatic glucose production: D. Xie, et al.; PNAS
119, e2122217119 (2022),
Abstract;
Impact of diabetes on promoting the growth of breast cancer: P. Chou, et al.; Cancer Commun. (Lond.)
41, 414 (2021),
Abstract;
Metformin accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration by inducing autophagy: F. Xie, et al.; NPJ Regen. Med.
6, 62 (2021),
Abstract;
High blood sugar levels but not diabetes mellitus significantly enhance oxaliplatin chemoresistance in patients with stage III colorectal cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX6 chemotherapy: I.P. Yang, et al.; Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol.
11, 1758835919866964 (2019),
Abstract;
Full Text
Effect of human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells on diabetic nephropathy in rats: N.E. El-Ashmawy, et al.; Biomed. Pharmacother.
97, 1040 (2018),
Abstract;
Metformin normalizes the structural changes in glycogen preceding prediabetes in mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons: L. Ailanen, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. Perspect.
6, e00389 (2018),
Abstract;
Full Text
H19 lncRNA alters methylation and expression of Hnf4a in the liver of metformin-exposed fetuses: J. Deng, et al.; Cell Death Dis.
8, e3175 (2017),
Abstract;
Full Text
Metformin alters DNA methylation genome-wide via the H19/SAHH axis: T. Zhong, et al.; Oncogene
36, 2345 (2017),
Application(s): Cell culture, ARK2 and MCF-7 cells ,
Abstract;
Activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway antagonizes metformin suppression of hepatic glucose production: L. He, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
291, 10562 (2016),
Application(s): Cell culture,
Abstract;
Full Text
Compound C inhibits in vitro angiogenesis and ameliorates thrombin-induced endothelial barrier failure: D. Gündüz, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol.
768, 165 (2015),
Application(s): Cell culture ,
Abstract;
Dehydroepiandrosterone activates AMP kinase and regulates GLUT4 and PGC-1α expression in C2C12 myotubes: T. Yokokawa, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
463, 42 (2015),
Application(s): Cell Culture,
Abstract;
Inhibition of integrin-linked kinase expression by emodin through crosstalk of AMPKα and ERK1/2 signaling and reciprocal interplay of Sp1 and c-Jun: Q. Tang, et al.; Cell Signal.
27, 1469 (2015),
Application(s): Cell Culture,
Abstract;
Long-Term Pancreatic Beta Cell Exposure to High Levels of Glucose but Not Palmitate Induces DNA Methylation within the Insulin Gene Promoter and Represses Transcriptional Activity: K. Ishikawa, et al.; PLoS One
10, e0115350 (2015),
Application(s): Cell Culture,
Abstract;
Full Text
Metformin suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through induction of SIRT1 and GCN5: P.W. Caton, et al.; J. Endocrinol.
205, 97 (2010),
Abstract;
The impact of type 2 diabetes and antidiabetic drugs on cancer cell growth: Y.H. Feng, et al.; J. Cell. Mol. Med.
15, 825 (2010),
Abstract;
AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling: M.C. Towler & D.G. Hardie; Circ. Res.
100, 328 (2007),
Abstract;
Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review: A. Natali and E. Ferrannini; Diabetologia
49, 434 (2006),
Abstract;
Insulin-lowering agents inhibit synthesis of testosterone in ovaries of DHEA-induced PCOS rats: T. Misugi, et al.; Gynecol. Obstet. Invest.
61, 208 (2006),
Abstract;
Metformin is an AMP kinase-dependent growth inhibitor for breast cancer cells: M. Zakikhani, et al.; Cancer Res.
66, 10269 (2006),
Abstract;
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin: R.J. Shaw, et al.; Science
310, 5754 (2005),
Abstract;
Starting patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy using once-daily injections of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30, biphasic human insulin 70/30, or NPH insulin in combination with metformin: C. Kilo, et al.; J. Diabetes Complications
17, 307 (2003),
Abstract;
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Lancet
352, 854 (1998),
Abstract;
