Metformin is an antidiabetic agent. Reduces the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Does not induce hypoglycemia. Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via activation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Has antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines.
Product Details
| Alternative Name: | 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide . hydrochloride |
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| Formula: | C4H11N5 . HCl |
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| MW: | 165.6 |
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| CAS: | 1115-70-4 |
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| MI: | 14: 5938 |
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| RTECS: | DU1800000 |
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| Purity: | ≥97% (Assay) |
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| Appearance: | White crystalline powder. |
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| Solubility: | Soluble in water (50mg/ml). |
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| Shipping: | Ambient Temperature |
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| Long Term Storage: | +4°C |
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| Use/Stability: | Stock solutions are stable for up to 6 months when stored at -20°C. |
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| Handling: | Hygroscopic. |
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| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
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Product Literature References
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In vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging of macrophage intracellular metabolism during wound responses in zebrafish: V. Miskolci, et al.; Elife
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Let-7 underlies metformin-induced inhibition of hepatic glucose production: D. Xie, et al.; PNAS
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Impact of diabetes on promoting the growth of breast cancer: P. Chou, et al.; Cancer Commun. (Lond.)
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Metformin accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration by inducing autophagy: F. Xie, et al.; NPJ Regen. Med.
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High blood sugar levels but not diabetes mellitus significantly enhance oxaliplatin chemoresistance in patients with stage III colorectal cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX6 chemotherapy: I.P. Yang, et al.; Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol.
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Effect of human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells on diabetic nephropathy in rats: N.E. El-Ashmawy, et al.; Biomed. Pharmacother.
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Metformin normalizes the structural changes in glycogen preceding prediabetes in mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons: L. Ailanen, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. Perspect.
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H19 lncRNA alters methylation and expression of Hnf4a in the liver of metformin-exposed fetuses: J. Deng, et al.; Cell Death Dis.
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Metformin alters DNA methylation genome-wide via the H19/SAHH axis: T. Zhong, et al.; Oncogene
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Application(s): Cell culture, ARK2 and MCF-7 cells ,
Abstract;
Activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway antagonizes metformin suppression of hepatic glucose production: L. He, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
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Full Text
Compound C inhibits in vitro angiogenesis and ameliorates thrombin-induced endothelial barrier failure: D. Gündüz, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol.
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Dehydroepiandrosterone activates AMP kinase and regulates GLUT4 and PGC-1α expression in C2C12 myotubes: T. Yokokawa, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
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Inhibition of integrin-linked kinase expression by emodin through crosstalk of AMPKα and ERK1/2 signaling and reciprocal interplay of Sp1 and c-Jun: Q. Tang, et al.; Cell Signal.
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Long-Term Pancreatic Beta Cell Exposure to High Levels of Glucose but Not Palmitate Induces DNA Methylation within the Insulin Gene Promoter and Represses Transcriptional Activity: K. Ishikawa, et al.; PLoS One
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Full Text
Metformin suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through induction of SIRT1 and GCN5: P.W. Caton, et al.; J. Endocrinol.
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The impact of type 2 diabetes and antidiabetic drugs on cancer cell growth: Y.H. Feng, et al.; J. Cell. Mol. Med.
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AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling: M.C. Towler & D.G. Hardie; Circ. Res.
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Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review: A. Natali and E. Ferrannini; Diabetologia
49, 434 (2006),
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Insulin-lowering agents inhibit synthesis of testosterone in ovaries of DHEA-induced PCOS rats: T. Misugi, et al.; Gynecol. Obstet. Invest.
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Metformin is an AMP kinase-dependent growth inhibitor for breast cancer cells: M. Zakikhani, et al.; Cancer Res.
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The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin: R.J. Shaw, et al.; Science
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Starting patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy using once-daily injections of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30, biphasic human insulin 70/30, or NPH insulin in combination with metformin: C. Kilo, et al.; J. Diabetes Complications
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Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Lancet
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