Intrinsic. Extrinsic. Simplistic.

Of the three major established programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, Apoptosis (PCD Type 1) is the most-well characterized, being recognized as a critical regulator of development, immunity, as well as organ and tissue homeostasis. Apoptotic cells die in a controlled fashion in response to a variety of extrinsic or intrinsic signals (e.g., activation of TNF receptors, DNA damage, mitochondrial pathways). Influencing cells to undergo or resist apoptosis is the aim of countless drugs (both in use and development) for treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative, and immune-related disease. The interplay between apoptotic, autophagic, and necrotic pathways promises to yield further targets for therapeutic intervention. With over 2000 products for the analysis of cell death, Enzo enables detection of phenotypic hallmarks of apoptotic cell death (see figure below), and the complete analysis of cross-talk between PCD pathways.

Find your apoptosis detection solution with our simple guide

Enzo has a broad range of solutions that enable the investigation of membrane changes, DNA modifications, mitochondrial changes and more.

Find the appropriate assay for your application. Start by picking your sample type and let this tool guide you to identify the appropriate assay.

Cells undergoing apoptosis display morphological and molecular features such as nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, membrane “blebbing” and phagocytosis by another cell. Enzo’s expertise in fluorescent probe chemistry and cellular analysis combine to provide high-sensitivity fluorescent probes for characterizing cell membrane and organelle changes associated with apoptosis.

Activation of apoptotic caspases can lead to inactivation or activation of substrates, and the initiation of a signaling cascade resulting in the controlled demolition of cellular components. Our collection includes convenient caspase activity assays containing high-purity, high-activity enzymes and cell-permeable peptide substrates and inhibitors for research and drug discovery applications.

Ready-to-Use Caspase Inhibitors

High purity, peptide inhibitors for modulation of the caspase signaling cascade.

Antibody-Based Detection of Cleaved Caspases

Wide range of mabs and pabs against caspases

TNF ligands and receptors act to regulate cell responses including activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Experience the purity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of Enzo’s carefully, engineering and optimized TNF Superfamily Products.

Death Receptor Ligands

Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor gene superfamily bind to extrinsic ligands and transduce intracellular signals leading to the destruction of the cell. Ligands, such as FasL and TNF-alpha, hold potential as targets for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Oligomerization Domains in Enzo Enhanced Ligands:
MEGA™Ligands – use the ACRP30headless domain from human or mouse ACRP30
KILLER™Ligands – use a proprietary linker peptide that promotes trimerization
SUPERKILLER™Ligands – use the KILLER™ linker peptide mutated to increase disulfide-mediated cross-linking

The collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) coincides with the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores, release of cytochrome C into the cytosol, and triggers additional downstream events in the apoptotic cascade. Enzo’s MITO-ID® reagents and kits are optimal for use in demanding cell analysis applications involving mitochondrial perturbations.