Streptozotocin (STZ) is a glucosamine-nitrosourea widely used as an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase in b-cells to induce diabetes in rodents. Once entered inside b-cells via the glucose transporter GLUT2, STZ causes alkylation of DNA, activation of poly ADP-ribosylation, depletion of cellular ATP and NAD+, generation of superoxide radicals, and ultimately elimination of b-cells. STZ acts also as a nitric oxide (NO) donor and vasorelaxant capable of relaxing phenylephrine-contracted aortic rings at 10µM. STZ is a potent methylating agent for DNA.
Soluble in 100% ethanol (200 proof at 0.92mg/ml) or water (nH2O at 102.8mg/ml).
Shipping:
Dry Ice
Long Term Storage:
-20°C
Use/Stability:
Because solutions of the compound spontaneously give off NO gas at room temperature, we recommend that solutions be made immediately before use.
Technical Info/Product Notes:
Solutions of Streptozotocin will spontaneously give off NO gas at room temperature. This NO release is slowed, but not completely stopped at -80°C, and the rate of NO release is also impacted by the solvent used (for example, dissolving Streptozotocin in buffers that contain sodium speeds up NO release). Since it does not seem to be possible to completely stop the NO release when streptozotocin is in solution, and the NO donor function is critical to the majority of experimental applications, we recommend that customers make solutions only immediately before use.
Note: since streptozotocin is often used to treat animals, the requirement that solutions be made immediately before use can be overwhelming for some users. Therefore, we generally suggest that the material be initially dissolved in ethanol, aliquoted into single use amounts, and then the alcohol evaporated off to produce dry aliquots. NO loss is minimized by doing this procedure with the material on ice, and carrying it out as quickly as possible. The individual dry aliquots can then be easily dissolved immediately before use.
Regulatory Status:
RUO - Research Use Only
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Product Literature References
Efficacy of a Novel Pleiotropic MMP-Inhibitor, CMC2.24, in a Long-Term Diabetes Rat Model with Severe Hyperglycemia-Induced Oral Bone Loss: H.D. Bhatt, et al.; J. Inflamm. Res. 16, 779 (2023), Abstract;
Pharmacokinetic assessment of cefpodoxime proxetil in diabetic rats: G. Mittal, et al.; J. Diabetes Metab. Disord. 22, 385 (2022), Abstract;
Post-stroke administration of L-4F promotes neurovascular and white matter remodeling in type-2 diabetic stroke mice: M. Zhou, et al.; Front. Neurol. 13, 863934 (2022), Abstract; Full Text
A Novel Modified-Curcumin Promotes Resolvin-Like Activity and Reduces Bone Loss in Diabetes-Induced Experimental Periodontitis: J. Deng, et al.; J. Inflamm. Res. 14, 5335 (2021), Abstract;
C-myc upregulated by high glucose inhibits hacat differentiation by s100a6 transcriptional activation: J. Zhang, et al.; Front. Endocrinol. 12, 676403 (2021), Abstract; Full Text
Carbohydrate response element‐binding protein regulates lipid metabolism via mTOR complex1 in diabetic nephropathy: N. Chen, et al.; J. Cell. Pysiol. 236, 625 (2021), Abstract;
Hirudo Lyophilized Powder Ameliorates Renal Injury in Diabetic Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: F. Yang, et al.; Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2021, 6657673 (2021), Abstract; Full Text
Normalizing glucose levels reconfigures the mammary tumor immune and metabolic microenvironment and decreases metastatic seeding: H.A.M. Alsheikh, et al.; Cancer Lett. 517, 24 (2021), Abstract;
Novologue Therapy Requires Heat Shock Protein 70 and Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein to Improve Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Decrease Mitophagy in Diabetic Sensory Neurons: Y.A. Rodriguez, et al.; ACS Chem. Neurosci. 12, 3049 (2021), Abstract;
Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) FH Chen formula for renal injury in diabetic nephropathy—in vivo and in vitro evidence: D. Wen, et al.; Front. Pharmacol. 11, 732 (2020), Abstract; Full Text
Effect of functional food ingredients on gut microbiota in a rodent diabetes model: I.S. Surono, et al.; Nutr. Metab. 17, 77 (2020), Abstract; Full Text
Modulation of Gut Microbiota Profile and Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Rats Fed with Taro Flour or Taro Starch: I. Surono, et al.; Int. J. Microbiol. 2020, 8893283 (2020), Abstract; Full Text
Tanshinone IIA ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy, partly by attenuating PERK pathway-induced fibrosis: S. Xu, et al.; Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 14, 5773 (2020), Abstract; Full Text
1-Palmitoyl-2-Linoleoyl-3-Acetyl-rac-Glycerol Attenuates Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Beta Cell Damage by Promoting Glucose Transporter 2 Endocytosis: J. Kim, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol. 39, e00157-19 (2019), Abstract; Full Text
The effect of moderate endurance training on gastrocnemius retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: M.R. Yousefi & H. TaheriChadorneshin; Interv. Med. Appl. Sci. 10, 59 (2018), Abstract; Full Text
Aloe vera gel improves behavioral deficits and oxidative status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: S.R.F. Tabatabaei, et al.; Biomed. Pharmacother. 96, 279 (2017), Abstract;
Extravascular modified lipoproteins: a role in the propagation of diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes: J. Yu, et al.; Diabetologia 59, 2026 (2016), Application(s): Plasma lipoproteins permeation, Abstract; Full Text
Simvastatin enhances the hippocampal klotho in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced cognitive decline: S. Adeli, et al.; Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 72, 87 (2016), Application(s): Drug administration to rats, Abstract;
A Lipidomic Screen of Hyperglycemia-Treated Human Retinal Endothelial Cells Links Lipid Metabolites of 12/15-Lipoxygenase to Microvascular Dysfunction during Diabetic Retinopathy via NADPH Oxidase: A.S. Ibrahim, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 56, 599 (2015), Application(s): Injection, Abstract; Full Text
Antiglycation and Hypolipidemic Effects of Polyphenols from Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats : M.I. Kazeem, et al.; Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 14, 55 (2015), Application(s): Injection, Full Text
Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seeds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Z. Rajaei, et al.; Adv. Biomed. Res. 4, 33 (2015), Application(s): Injection, Full Text
Characterization of Insulin-Secreting Porcine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Ex Vivo and Autologous Cell Therapy In Vivo.: H.V. Do, et al.; Cell Transplant. 24, 1205 (2015), Abstract;
Early Systemic Microvascular Damage in Pigs with Atherogenic Diabetes Mellitus Coincides with Renal Angiopoietin Dysbalance: M. Khairoun, et al.; PLoS One 10, e0121555 (2015), Application(s): Slow intravenous injection into pigs, Abstract; Full Text
Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Watercress (Nasturtium Officinale) Leaves on Serum Glucose and Lipid Levels in Diabetic Rats: M.A. Hadjzadeh, et al.; Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 59, 223 (2015), Application(s): Injection into rat, Abstract; Full Text
Elevation of cortical C26:0 due to the decline of peroxisomal β-oxidation potentiates amyloid β generation and spatial memory deficits via oxidative stress in diabetic rats: Y. Shi, et al.; Neuroscience 315, 125 (2015), Application(s): Intraperitoneally injected into rats, Abstract;
Finasteride reduces microvessel density and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in renal tissue of diabetic rats: H. Tian, et al.; Am. J. Med. Sci. 349, 516 (2015), Abstract;
Streptozotocin induces G2 arrest in skeletal muscle myoblasts and impairs muscle growth in vivo: A.P. Johnston, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 292, C1033 (2007), Abstract;
Genotoxicity of streptozotocin: A.D. Bolzan & M.S. Bianchi; Mutat. Res. 512, 121 (2002), (Review), Abstract;
The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas: T. Szkudelski; Physiol. Res. 50, 537 (2001), (Review), Abstract;
N-monomethyl-arginine and nicotinamide prevent streptozotocin-induced double strand DNA break formation in pancreatic rat islets: F.J. Bedoya, et al.; Experientia 52, 344 (1996), Abstract;
Nitric oxide generation during cellular metabolization of the diabetogenic N-methyl-N-nitroso-urea streptozotozin contributes to islet cell DNA damage: K.-D. Kroncke, et al.; Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler 376, 179 (1995), Abstract;
Nitric oxide generation from streptozotocin: N.S. Kwon, et al.; FASEB J. 8, 529 (1994), Abstract;
Biochemical evidence for nitric oxide formation from streptozotocin in isolated pancreatic islets: J. Turk, et al.; BBRC 197, 1458 (1993), Abstract;
NO- and NO2-carrying molecules potentiate photorelaxation in rat trachea and aorta: K.C. Chang, et al.; BBRC 191, 509 (1993), Abstract;
Streptozotocin: a nitric oxide carrying molecule and its effect on vasodilation: G. Thomas & P. Ramwell; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 161, 279 (1989), Abstract;
Mouse models of insulin dependent diabetes: low-dose streptozocin-induced diabetes and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice: H. Kolb; Diabetes Metab. Rev. 3, 751 (1987), Abstract;
Alkylation of DNA in rat tissues following administration of streptozotocin: R.A. Bennett & A.E. Pegg; Cancer Res. 41, 2786 (1981), Abstract;
The structure of streptozotocin: R.R. Herr, et al.; JACS 89, 4808 (1967), Abstract;
Studies on the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin: N. Rakieten, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Rep. 29, 91 (1963),
Ultra-sensitive AMP'D® GLP-1 ELISA kit enabling the ability to use less sample to detect levels of human Glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36) amide, a potent promoter of insulin secretion, a major incretin hormone, and therapeutic for type 2 diabetes.
