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High throughput format with results for up to 40 samples in duplicate in just 2.5 hours
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Highly sensitive, reliably measuring 8.4ng/ml of Grp78/BiP
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Fully quantitative results surpass semi-quantitative Western blot analysis
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Easy-to-use and simplified protocol with less steps compared to sandwich assay formats
The Grp78/BiP ELISA kit is a colorimetric, competitive immunoassay kit with results in 2.5 hours.
ELISA versus Western blot analysis correlation comparison of Grp78/BiP using C6 cell lysates. Lysates were serially diluted and either run in the ELISA or run on a 12% Tris-glycine gel, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane and probed for GRP78 with a monoclonal antibody to the KDEL portion of the GRP78 protein.
Induction analysis GRP78 using Cyclosporin A: HeLa cells were treated for 5 hours with 5μM, 50μM or 200μM concentrations of cyclosporine A. Following the incubation, treated and untreated cells were lysed with Extraction Reagent #2 as described above. The lysates were then evaluated in the assay. This data agrees with the results reported in the literature, low concentrations of cyclosporine A lead to the induction of GRP78 in HeLa cells (Paslaru, L. et al. (1994)) and supports the claim that the Enzo ELISA is able to detect and quantitate changes in native levels of GRP78.
Parallelism analysis of HeLa, 3T3, and C6 lysates and serum samples standard curves demonstrates that the antigen binding characteristics are similar enough to allow the accurate determination of native analyte levels in diluted samples of human, mouse, and rat origin.
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Product Details
| Alternative Name: | Glucose-regulated protein 78, Binding immunoglobulin protein |
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| Sensitivity: | 8.4ng/ml (range 1.4-4500ng/ml) |
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| Assay Time: | 2.5 hours |
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| Applications: | ELISA, Colorimetric detection
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| Application Notes: | For the quantitative determination of human, mouse and rat Grp78/BiP in cell lysate and serum samples. |
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| Wavelength: | 450 nm |
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| Species reactivity: | Human, Mouse, Rat
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| Crossreactivity: | No cross-reactivity with other similar molecules (Grp94, PDI, Calreticulin) detected using this assay. |
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| Use/Stability: | Store all components at 4°C, except conjugate at -80°C. |
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| Shipping: | Dry Ice and Blue Ice |
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| Contents: | Microtiter Plate, Conjugate, Antibody, Assay Buffer, Wash Buffer Concentrate, Standard, TMB Substrate, Stop Solution 2, Extraction Reagent |
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| Scientific Background: | Glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) also known as binding immunoglobulin protein or BiP, is a resident molecular chaperone of the ER involved in the folding and assembly of proteins, transport of newly synthesized polypeptides across the ER membrane, regulation of calcium homeostasis and targeting misfolded proteins for degradation. GRP78 also regulates the transmembrane proteins, PERK, IRE1 and ATF6 by binding the N-terminal domains in the lumen of the ER preventing these signal transducers from initiating the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive response to changes in the intracellular environment meant to restore normal ER function.
When protein misfolding occurs, exposed hydrophobic residues on the protein are bound by GRP78 preventing protein aggregation, further transit, and secretion. Intracellular stress such as glucose deprivation and viral infection can lead to a rapid accumulation of unfolded proteins. As unfolded proteins accumulate, more available GRP78 is required to bind the hydrophobic regions causing it to dissociate from the transmembrane signaling proteins thus initiating the UPR. After dissociation from GRP78, activated PERK attenuates general translation to prevent further protein synthesis, ATF6 and IRE1 upregulate the production of ER folding and chaperone proteins including GRP78, and proteins that promote degradation of misfolded proteins through ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). The overexpression of GRP78 as a result of UPR activation is believed to contribute to the pathology of metabolic disease, inflammatory disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. |
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| UniProt ID: | P11021 (human), P20029 (mouse), P06761 (rat) |
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| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
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| Compatibility: | This product is compatible with the Absorbance 96 Plate Reader.
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Product Literature References
ER-stress-induced secretion of circulating glucose-regulated protein 78kDa (GRP78) ameliorates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell remodelling: M.A. Zaidi, et al.; Cell Stress Chaperones
27, 561 (2022),
Abstract;
Upper gut heat shock proteins HSP70 and GRP78 promote insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: G. Angelini, et al.; Nat. Commun.
13, 7715 (2022),
Abstract;
Circulating chaperones in patients with aortic valve stenosis undergoing TAVR: impact of concomitant chronic kidney disease: A. Aksoy, et al.; Transl. Res.
223, 117 (2021),
Application(s): Human Serum,
Abstract;
Reduction in FSH Throughout the Menstrual Cycle After Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Young Normal Weight but not Obese Women: J.L. Bauer, et al.; Reprod. Sci.
26, 1025 (2019),
Application(s): Human pooled serum,
Abstract;
Full Text
Circulating GRP78 acts as a biomarker in the early diagnosis of lung cancer: F. Huang, et al.; Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol.
11, 5223 (2018),
Application(s): ELISA using human plasma,
Abstract;
Full Text
Heme scavenging reduces pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress, fibrosis, and emphysema: S. Aggarwal, et al.; JCI Insight
3, e120694 (2018),
Application(s): ELISA using human plasma,
Abstract;
Full Text
Secreted GRP78 activates EGFR-SRC-STAT3 signaling and confers the resistance to sorafeinib in HCC cells: R. Li, et al.; Oncotarget
8, 19354 (2017),
Application(s): ELISA using serum,
Abstract;
Full Text
Citrullinated glucose-regulated protein 78 is an autoantigen in type 1 diabetes: D. Rondas, et al.; Diabetes
64, 573 (2015),
Application(s): ELISA using culture supernatants,
Abstract;
Oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects of cobalt and titanium oxide nanoparticles on aortic and venous endothelial cells: R. Alinovi, et al.; Toxicol. In Vitro
29, 426 (2015),
Application(s): ELISA using cell lysates,
Abstract;
Serum GRP78 as a Tumor Marker and Its Prognostic Significance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: A Retrospective Study: X. Ma, et al.; Dis. Markers
2015, 814670 (2015),
Application(s): ELISA using human serum,
Abstract;
Full Text
General Literature References
The critical roles of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and unfolded protein response in tumorigenesis and anticancer therapies: B. Luo & A.S. Lee; Oncogene
32, 805 (2013), (Review),
Abstract;
Full Text
The critical role of GRP78 in physiologic and pathologic stress: K.T. Pfaffenbach & A.S. Lee; Curr. Opin. Cell Biol.
23, 150 (2011), (Review),
Abstract;
Full Text
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