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Gliotoxin

[[3R-(3α, 5aβ,6β,10aα)]-2,3,5a,6-Tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-10H-3,10a-epi-dithiopyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione]
Prod. # now: BML-PI129

Immunomodulating mycotoxin which acts by blocking membrane thiol groups. Causes apoptotic cell death in macrophages and thymocytes. Induces Ca2+ release from intact rat liver mitochondria. Inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Antioxidant. Inhibitor of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I.

Product Specification

Formula:C13H14N2O4S2
 
MW:326.4
 
Purity:≥98% (HPLC)
 
Appearance:White to light yellow solid.
 
CAS:67-99-2
 
MI:14: 4441
 
RTECS:KB4725000
 
Source/Host:Isolated from Gladiocladium fimbriatum.
 
Solubility:Soluble in DMSO or methanol (10mg/ml).
 
Shipping:AMBIENT
 
Long Term Storage:+4°C
 
Use/Stability:Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
 
Hazard:TOXIC.
 
ALX-350-239
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ALX-350-239

Product Literature References

Identification of an agent in cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus displaying anti-phagocytic and immunomodulating activity in vitro: A. Müllbacher, et al.; J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 1251 (1985), Abstract;
R.J. Jones & J.G. Hancock; J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 2067 (1988),
Gliotoxin stimulates Ca2+ release from intact rat liver mitochondria: M. Schweizer & C. Richter; Biochemistry 33, 13401 (1994), Abstract;
Extracellular calcium is not required for gliotoxin or dexamethasone- induced DNA fragmentation: a reappraisal of the use of EGTA: P. Waring & A. Sjaarda; Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 17, 403 (1995), Abstract;
Gliotoxin and related epipolythiodioxopiperazines: P. Waring & J. Beaver; Gen. Pharmacol. 27, 1311 (1996), Review, Abstract;
The immunosuppressive fungal metabolite gliotoxin specifically inhibits transcription factor NF-kappaB: H.L. Pahl, et al.; J.Exp. Med. 183, 1829 (1996), Abstract;
Gliotoxin is a dual inhibitor of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I with antitumor activity against breast cancer in vivo: D.M. Vigushin, et al.; Med. Oncol. 21, 21 (2004), Abstract;
Aspergillus fumigatus suppresses the human cellular immune response via gliotoxin-mediated apoptosis of monocytes: M. Stanzani, et al.; Blood 105, 2258 (2005), Abstract;
Discovery of gliotoxin as a new small molecule targeting thioredoxin redox system: H.S. Choi, et al.; BBRC 359, 523 (2007), Abstract;
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