Lipid peroxidation is a well-established mechanism of cellular injury in both plants and animals, and is used as an indicator of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Lipid peroxides, derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, are unstable and decompose to form a complex series of compounds. These include reactive aldehydes, of which the most abundant is malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, measurement of malondialdehyde is widely used as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation products have been associated with a variety of chronic diseases in both humans and model systems.
MDA reacts readily with amino groups on proteins and other biomolecules to form a variety of adducts, including cross-linked products. MDA also forms adducts with DNA bases that are mutagenic and possibly carcinogenic. DNA-protein cross-links are another result of the reaction between DNA and MDA . The TBARS method is commonly used to measure MDA in biological samples. However, this reaction is relatively nonspecific; both free and protein-bound MDA can react. The BML-AK171 method is designed to assay free MDA or, after a hydrolysis step, total MDA (i.e., free and protein-bound Schiff base conjugates). The assay conditions serve to minimize interference from other lipid peroxidation products, such as 4-hydroxyalkenals.
Figure 1: N-methyl-2-phenylindole (NMPI) reacts with malondialdehyde to form an intensely colored carbocyanine dye with a maximum absorption at 586 nm.
Figure 2: Absorption spectra obtained from the reaction of NMPI with MDA (21 µM) or HNE (19 µM) in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
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Product Specification
| Quantity: | 25 assays |
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| Kit/Set Contains: | Reagent R1 (Prod. No. BML-KI527) (3x18ml;N-methyl-2-phenylindole, in acetonitrile) Storage: 4°C Reagent R2 (Prod. No. BML-KI528) (1x16.5ml; Conc. Hydrochloric acid) Storage: 4°C MDA Standard (Prod. No. BML-KI529) (1ml; 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane (TMOP) in Tris-hydrochloric acid) Storage: 4°C BHT (Prod. No. BML-KI530) (2ml; Butylated hydroxytoluene in acetonitrile) Storage: 4°C Probucol (Prod. No. BML-KI531) (1.1ml; Probucol in methanol) Storage: 4°C Methanol (Prod. No. BML-KI532) (30ml) Storage: 4°C |
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| Long Term Storage: | +4°C |
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| Use/Stability: | Store stock reagents at 4°C. Do not allowed the capped reagent bottles to sit at room temperature for long periods of time. Unopened reagents are stable until the indicated expiration date. |
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| Handling: | Do not freeze. |
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General Literature References
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424, 97 (1999),
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Chemistry and biology of DNA damage by malondialdehyde: L.J. Marnett et al.; IARC Sci. Publ. 17 (1999),
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Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde: L.J. Marnett et al.; Mutat. Res.
424, 83 (1999),
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Solution structure of an oligodeoxynucleotide containing the malondialdehyde deoxyguanosine adduct N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG (ring-opened M1G) positioned in a (CpG)3 frameshift hotspot of the Salmonella typhimurium hisD3052 gene: H. Mao et al.; Biochemistry
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Formation of liver microsomal MDA-protein adducts in mice with chronic dietary iron overload: L.G. Valeria et al.; Toxicol. Lett.
98, 31 (1998),
Abstract;
Reactions of N-methyl-2-phenylindole with malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals. Mechanistic aspects of the colorimetric assay of lipid peroxidation: I. Erdelmeier et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol.
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NCCLS Tentative Guideline; 2nd ed. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory EP5-T2, (1992),
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes: H. Esterbauer et al.; Free Radic Biol Med
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Free and bound malondialdehyde measured as thiobarbituric acid adduct by HPLC in serum and plasma: M.A. Carbonneaou et al.; Clin. Chem.
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