MDA5 (human), detection set



APO-54N-035-KI01	5x96 wells	615.00 USD

This intracellular Detection Set is for measuring protein levels in cell lysates. It allows to quantitatively determine: a. Levels of MDA5b. Interferon response since MDA5 is an interferon inducible geneb. Virus infection response

Product Specification

Alternative Name:	Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, Helicard

Sensitivity:	0.4ng/ml (range 0 to 32ng/ml).

Kit/Set Contains:	1 vial Standard (lyophilized) (STD).1 vial Coating Antibody (COAT).1 vial Detection Antibody (DET).

Application:	For the quantitative determination of human intracellular MDA5 in cell extracts.

Short Term Storage:	+4°C

Handling:	Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. For long term storage keep the standard (STD) at -20°C.

Miscellaneous/General:	The innate immune response to viruses is initiated upon detection of viral RNA generated during the life cycle of most viruses [1]. Recognition of the viral RNA is mediated by either the two cytoplasmic RNA helicases Retinoic acid Inducible Gene-1 (RIG-I ; Ddx58) and Melanoma Differentiation Associated gene 5 (MDA5 / Helicard; Ifih1) [2] or by Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) located to an endosomal-like compartment [3]. RIG-I and MDA5 belongs to the family of RIG-I like receptor (RLR) together with the protein LGP2 whose function is still elusive [4, 5]. Upon binding to RNA, RIG-I or MDA5 binds a mediator named Cardif, MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signalling), IPS-1 (interferon-β promoter stimulator 1), or VISA (virus-induced signalling adapter) [6, 7]. Cardif/ MAVS/ IPS-1/ VISA then interacts with several TRAFs molecules, leading to the activation of regulatory kinases, such as TBK1, IKKε , and the IKKα/β/γ complex. These kinases activate respective transcription factors, IRF-3, IRF-7, and NF-κB that participate in the activation of IFN and other inflammatory cytokine genes. RIG-I is activated by dsRNA and 5′-ppp RNA while only poly I: C acts as a chemical agonist for MDA5. The physiological agonist of MDA5 has still to be discovered. Mda-5 is an early response gene inducible by IFN and tumor necrosis factor-α, responding predominantly to IFN-β [8].

Background / Technical Information:	UniProt ID Q9BYX4: MDA5 (human)

General Literature References

Cytoplasmic recognition of RNA: M. Yoneyama, et al.; Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60, 841 (2008), Abstract;

MDA5/RIG-I and virus recognition: O. Takeuchi & S. Akira; Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20, 17 (2008), Abstract;

TLR3: Interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C): M. Matsumoto & T. Seya; Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60, 805 (2008),

Loss of DExD/H box RNA helicase LGP2 manifests disparate antiviral responses: T. Venkataraman, et al.; J. Immunol. 178, 6444 (2007), Abstract;

Recognition of viruses by innate immunity: O. Takeuchi & S. Akira; Immunol. Rev. 220, 214 (2007), Abstract;

Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus: E. Meylan, et al.; Nature 437, 1167 (2005), Abstract;

IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I- and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction: T. Kawai, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 6, 981 (2005), Abstract;

mda-5: An interferon-inducible putative RNA helicase with double-stranded RNA-dependent ATPase activity and melanoma growth-suppressive properties: D.C. Kang, et al.; PNAS 99, 637 (2002), Abstract; Full Text