Has potent cytotoxic and enterotoxic properties. Translocates to the cytosol of target cells and glucosylates small GTP-binding proteins such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Induces actin condensation, cell death and opening of the tight junctions. Triggers release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from intestinal epithelial cells probably via activation of MAP kinases.
Product Details
| MW: | ~270kDa |
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| Source: | Isolated from Clostridium difficile. |
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| UniProt ID: | P16154 |
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| Formulation: | Lyophilized from 50mM TRIS, pH 7.5, containing 50mM sodium chloride and 0.1% trehalose. |
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| Purity Detail: | When examined on 3-8% SDS-PAGE gels, this protein migrates as a single major band with an apparent molecular weight of 300,000 Dan run. Densitometric analysis estimates the purity of the product as >80%. |
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| Activity: | Each lot is tested to confirm binding activity to fresh rabbit red blood cells using a hemagglutination assay. The lowest concentration producing a positive reaction was ~50µg/ml. |
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| Reconstitution: | Reconstitute with sterile distilled water. |
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| Shipping: | Ambient Temperature |
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| Long Term Storage: | +4°C |
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| Use/Stability: | Stable for 2 months at +4°C after reconstitution in sterile water at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. |
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| Handling: | Do not vortex. Do not freeze. |
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| Technical Info/Product Notes: | Protein concentration is determined by the Bradford method using BSA as a standard. |
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| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
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Product Literature References
Rho-glucosylating Clostridium difficile toxins A and B: new insights into structure and function: T. Jank, et al.; Glycobiology
17, 15R (2007), (Review),
Abstract;
Clostridium difficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease: D. E. Voth & J. D. Ballard; Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
18, 247 (2005), (Review),
Abstract;
Large clostridial cytotoxins: cellular biology of Rho/Ras-glucosylating toxins: J. Schirmer & K. Aktories; Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1673, 66 (2004),
Abstract;
Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins on epithelial cell barrier: C. Pothoulakis; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
915, 347 (2000),
Abstract;
Clostridium difficile toxin A and its effects on cells: C. Fiorentini & M. Thelestam; Toxicon
297, 543 (1991),
Abstract;
Purification and characterization of Clostridium difficile toxin: R. D. Rolfe & S. M. Finegold; Infect. Immun.
257, 191 (1979),
Abstract;
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding: M.M. Bradford; Anal. Biochem.
72, 248 (1976),
Abstract;
