Immunomodulatory compound / adjuvant. Induces activation of macrophages independent of TLR2 or TLR4.
Product Details
Alternative Name: | Trehalose 6,6’-dimycolate, TDM, 6,6’-Di-O-mycoloyl-α,α-trehalose |
|
Source: | Isolated from M. tuberculosis. |
|
CAS: | 61512-20-7 |
|
Formulation: | Lyophilized. |
|
Purity: | Single spot (TLC) |
|
Endotoxin Content: | <0.0002EU/µg (LAL test; BioWhittaker) |
|
Solubility: | Soluble in chloroform:methanol:water (90:10:1) (5mg/ml), hexane or isopropanol. |
|
Shipping: | Ambient Temperature |
|
Long Term Storage: | +4°C |
|
Protocol: | In vitro stimulation of macrophages Purified Cord Factor was used to stimulate either mouse RAW 264.7 cells or bone marrow-derived macrophages. Cord Factor was suspended at a concentration of 1mg/ml in isopropanol and sonicated in a bath sonicator for 5 min. This suspension was incubated at 60°C for 10 min. and sonication repeated. The resulting solution was layered onto 24-well tissue culture plates at the indicated concentrations and incubated at 37°C in order to ensure complete evaporation of the solvent. Control wells were layered with solvent without Cord Factor and incubated at 37°C. To this layer of Cord Factor, either RAW 264.7 cells or bone marrow-derived macrophages were added at a concentration of 106 cells in 100µl of medium and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours before activation e.g. TNF-α production was measured in the supernatant.
Alternatively, Cord Factor was suspended at a concentration of 0.2 or 2mg/ml in hexane. Of the resulting solution 50µl were layered onto 96-well tissue culture plates at the indicated concentrations of 1 or 10µg/well, respectively and the solvent completely evaporated. Control wells were layered with solvent without Cord Factor and incubated at 37°C. To this layer of Cord Factor, either RAW 264.7 cells or bone marrow-derived macrophages were added at a concentration of 106 cells in 100µl of medium and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours before activation e.g. TNF-α production was measured in the supernatant.
In vivo pulmonary granuloma formation in mice For in vivo experiments 10µg Cord Factor per mouse were applied i.v. in a water/oil/water emulsion. |
|
Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
|
Please mouse over
Product Literature References
USP15 Deubiquitinates CARD9 to Downregulate C-Type Lectin Receptor-Mediated Signaling: W. Xu, et al.; Immunohorizons
4, 670 (2020),
Abstract;
Full Text
Development of ligand-coated beads to measure macrophage antimicrobial activities: T.T.B. Tram, et al.; Biol. Cell
111, 262 (2019),
Abstract;
Full Text
MARCO variants are associated with phagocytosis, pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility and Beijing lineage: N.T. Thuong, et al.; Genes Immun.
17, 419 (2016),
Abstract;
Heat shock protein 90 inhibition abrogates TLR4-mediated NF-κB activity and reduces renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: S. O'Neill; Sci. Rep.
5, 12958 (2015),
Application(s): In vitro experiment; Reagent ,
Abstract;
Interferon-gamma independent formation of pulmonary granuloma in mice by injections with trehalose dimycolate (cord factor), lipoarabinomannan and phosphatidylinositol mannosides isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: H. Takimoto, et al.; Clin. Exp. Immunol.
144, 134 (2006),
Abstract;
Macrophage scavenger receptor down-regulates mycobacterial cord factor-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by alveolar and hepatic macrophages: Y. Ozeki, et al.; Microb. Pathog.
40, 171 (2006),
Abstract;
In vivo activity of released cell wall lipids of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin is due principally to trehalose mycolates: R.E. Geisel, et al.; J. Immunol.
174, 5007 (2005),
Abstract;
Requisite role for complement C5 and the C5a receptor in granulomatous response to mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose 6,6’-dimycolate: C.W. Borders, et al.; Scand. J. Immunol.
62, 123 (2005),
Abstract;
Failure of CD1D-/- mice to elicit hypersensitive granulomas to mycobacterial cord factor trehalose 6,6’-dimycolate: T.V. Guidry, et al.; J. Interferon Cytokine Res.
24, 362 (2004),
Abstract;
Cord factor trehalose 6,6’-dimycolate (TDM) mediates trafficking events during mycobacterial infection of murine macrophages: J. Indrigo, et al.; Microbiology
149, 2049 (2003),
Abstract;
Influence of trehalose 6,6’-dimycolate (TDM) during mycobacterial infection of bone marrow macrophages: J. Indrigo, et al.; Microbiology
148, 1991 (2002),
Abstract;
Mycobacterial glycolipid cord factor trehalose 6,6’-dimycolate causes a decrease in serum cortisol during the granulomatous response: J.K. Actor, et al.; Neuroimmunomodulation
10, 270 (2002),
Abstract;
Immunological properties of trehalose dimycolate (cord factor) and other mycolic acid-containing glycolipids: R. Ryll, et al.; Microbiol. Immunol.
45, 801 (2001), Review,
Abstract;
In vivo administration of mycobacterial cord factor (Trehalose 6, 6'-dimycolate) can induce lung and liver granulomas and thymic atrophy in rabbits: N. Hamasaki, et al.; Infect. Immun.
68, 3704 (2000),
Abstract;
Extravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis in murine lung inflammation induced by the mycobacterial cord factor trehalose-6,6’-dimycolate: R.L. Perez, et al.; Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
149, 510 (1994),
Abstract;
Development of a trehalose 6,6’-dimycolate model which explains cord formation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: C.A. Behling, et al.; Infect. Immun.
61, 2296 (1993),
Abstract;
Induction of resistance to tuberculosis in mice with defined components of mycobacteria and with some unrelated materials: E. Ribi, et al.; Immunology
46, 297 (1982),
Abstract;
The chemical structure of the cord factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: H. Noll, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta
20, 299 (1956),
Abstract;
Related Products