Kdo2-Lipid A from E. coli (Ready-to-Use)



ALX-581-204-M001	1 mg	154.00 USD

Defined substructure of the Re mutant of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Endotoxin activity equal to Re LPS. Strong activator (<10ng/ml) of macrophages via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice by IL-6 ELISA. Facilitaties the structural analysis of its complexes with signaling receptors, such as TLR4/MD2 and CD14. Kdo2-Lipid A was used in an animal atherosclerosis model. No further re-extraction required.

Product Specification

Alternative Name:	(3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid)₂-Lipid A

Concentration:	0.5mg/ml

Purity Detail:	Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity.

Formula:	C₁₁₀H₁₉₈N₂Na₄O₃₉P₂

MW:	2326.7

Formulation:	Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water.

Source/Host:	Isolated and purified from E. coli K12 heptose-deficient strain WBB06 by a modification of the PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form.

Long Term Storage:	+4°C

Use/Stability:	Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored, as supplied, at +4°C.

Handling:	Keep sterile. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel.

Figure: TLR4-dependent IL-6 production of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) induced by highly active and pure Kdo2-Lipid A (Prod. No. ALX-581-204). No remaining agonistic activity (IL-6) in TLR4 KO detectable at up to 50µg/ml.

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Product Literature References

Low doses of lipopolysaccharide and minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein cooperatively activate macrophages via nuclear factor kappab and activator protein-1: possible mechanism for acceleration of atherosclerosis by subclinical endotoxemia: P. Wiesner, et al.; Circ. Res. 107, 56 (2010), Abstract; Full Text

Spinal glial TLR4-mediated nociception and production of prostaglandin E(2) and TNF: O. Saito, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 160, 1754 (2010), Abstract;

Subcellular organelle lipidomics in TLR-4-activated macrophages: A.Y. Andreyev, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 51, 2785 (2010), Abstract; Full Text

NMR spectral mapping of Lipid A molecular patterns affected by interaction with the innate immune receptor CD14: S. Albright, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 378, 721 (2009), Abstract; Full Text

TLR-4 mediated group IVA phospholipase A(2) activation is phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase 1 and protein kinase C dependent: A. Grkovich, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1791, 975 (2009), Abstract; Full Text

Aggregation behavior of an ultra-pure lipopolysaccharide that stimulates TLR-4 receptors: H. Sasaki & S.H. White; Biophys J. 95, 986 (2008), Abstract; Full Text

Kdo2-Lipid A of Escherichia coli, a defined endotoxin that activates macrophages via TLR-4: C.R. Raetz, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 47, 1097 (2006), Abstract; Full Text

General Literature References

Deletion of the heptosyltransferase genes rfaC and rfaF in Escherichia coli K-12 results in an Re-type lipopolysaccharide with a high degree of 2-aminoethanol phosphate substitution: W. Brabetz, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 247, 716 (1997), Abstract; Full Text

Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Luderitz; Meth. Carbohydrate Chem. 9, 11 (1993),

Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 603 (1975), Abstract; Full Text

A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 9, 245 (1969), Abstract;