Cell permeable hydrophilic spin trap for both in vivo and in vitro studies of superoxide, O-, C-, S- and N- centered free radicals.
Product Details
| Alternative Name: | 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, 2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole 1-oxide |
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| Formula: | C6H11NO |
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| MW: | 113.2 |
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| CAS: | 3317-61-1 |
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| Purity: | >98% (HPLC) |
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| Appearance: | Pale yellow solid or oil. |
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| Solubility: | Soluble in DMSO (up to 25 mg/ml) or Ethanol (up to 25 mg/ml). |
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| Shipping: | Blue Ice |
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| Long Term Storage: | -20°C |
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| Handling: | Protect from light and moisture. Keep under inert gas. Hygroscopic. |
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| Regulatory Status: | RUO - Research Use Only |
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Product Literature References
Dynamin-related protein 1 regulates substrate oxidation in skeletal muscle by stabilizing cellular and mitochondrial calcium dynamics: W.T. King, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
297, 101196 (2021),
Abstract;
Adsorption of Arsenic Ions Transforms Surface Reactivity of Engineered Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: X. Bi, et al.; Environ. Sci. Technol.
54, 9437 (2020),
Abstract;
Full Text
Control of grazing by light availability via light-dependent, wound-induced metabolites: The role of reactive oxygen species: R.E. McDowell, et al.; J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol. 477, 86 (2016), Application(s): Electron paramagnetic resonance,
Melanosomes in pigmented epithelia maintain eye lens transparency during zebrafish embryonic development: M. Takamiya, et al.; Sci. Rep.
6, 25046 (2016),
Application(s): Immuno spin trapping assay with DMPO,
Abstract;
Full Text
Castles fall from inside: Evidence for dominant internal photo-catalytic mechanisms during treatment of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by photo-Fenton at near-neutral pH: S. Giannakis, et al. ; Appl. Catal. B 185, 150 (2015), Application(s): Cell culture,
Cavitation during the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) method - the trigger for de novo prion generation: C.L. Haigh & S.C. Drew; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
461, 494 (2015),
Application(s): Cell Culture,
Abstract;
Different mechanisms are involved in oxidative DNA damage and genotoxicity induction by ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in human colon carcinoma cells: A. Zijno, et al.; Toxicol. In Vitro
29, 1503 (2015),
Application(s): EPR measurements,
Abstract;
Direct radical scavenging activity of benzbromarone provides beneficial antioxidant properties for hyperuricemia treatment: D. Kadowaki, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull.
38, 487 (2015),
Application(s): Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,
Abstract;
Full Text
OKN-007 decreases free radical levels in a preclinical F98 rat glioma model: P. Coutinho de Souza, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med.
87, 157 (2015),
Abstract;
Full Text
Radicalization of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by HOCl in Living Cells: S.E. Gomez-Mejiba; Enz. Eng.
4, 134 (2015),
Application(s): Cell culture,
Full Text
The cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug elesclomol is due to oxidative stress indirectly mediated through its complex with Cu(II): B.B. Hasinoff, et al.; J. Inorg. Biochem.
137, 22 (2014),
Abstract;
Human Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Is a Catalyst of Physiological Heme Peroxidase Reactions: M. Freewan, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
288, 1548 (2013),
Application(s): Immuno-Spin Trapping coupled with Western Blotting,
Abstract;
Full Text
Hydrogen peroxide induce modifications of human extracellular superoxide dismutase that results in enzyme inhibition: R.H.Gottfredsen, et al.; Redox Biol.
1, 24 (2013),
Abstract;
Full Text
Tar Balls from Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill: Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFR) Formation During Crude Weathering: L.W. Kiruri, et al.; Environ. Sci. Technol.
47, 4220 (2013),
Application(s): Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy,
Abstract;
Full Text
Thymosin β4-sulfoxide attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration and promotes cardiac wound healing: M.A. Evans, et al.; Nat. Commun.
4, 2081 (2013),
Application(s): Free-Radical Spin Trap Analysis,
Abstract;
Full Text
Red Ginseng Extract Attenuates Kainate-Induced Excitotoxicity by Antioxidative Effects: J. Y Han, et al.; Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.
2012, 479016 (2012),
Application(s): Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy,
Abstract;
Full Text
Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs). 1. Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aqueous Solutions: L. Khachatryan, et al.; Environ. Sci. Technol.
45, 8559 (2011),
Application(s): Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy,
Abstract;
Full Text
Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs). 2. Are Free Hydroxyl Radicals Generated in Aqueous Solutions?: L. Khachatryan, et al.; Environ. Sci. Technol.
45, 9232 (2011),
Application(s): Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy,
Abstract;
Full Text
Strawberry Polyphenols Attenuate Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Rats by Activation of Antioxidant Enzymes and Attenuation of MDA Increase: J.M. Alvarez-Suarez, et al.; PLoS One
6, e25878 (2011),
Application(s): Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy,
Abstract;
Full Text
Live Imaging of Innate Immune Cell Sensing of Transformed Cells in Zebrafish Larvae: Parallels between Tumor Initiation and Wound Inflammation: Y. Feng, et al.; PLoS Biol.
8, e1000562 (2010),
Application(s): Immuno-Spin Trapping,
Abstract;
Full Text
Immuno-spin trapping of a post-translational carboxypeptidase B1 radical formed by a dual role of xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in acute septic mice: S. Chatterjee, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med.
46, 454 (2009),
Abstract;
Immuno-spin trapping of protein and DNA radicals: "tagging" free radicals to locate and understand the redox process: S.E. Gomez-Mejiba, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med.
46, 853 (2009),
Abstract;
Immunolocalization of hypochlorite-induced, catalase-bound free radical formation in mouse hepatocytes: M.G. Bonini et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med.
42, 530 (2007),
Abstract;
Nitric oxide decreases the stability of DMPO spin adducts: K.J. Reszka, et al.; Nitric Oxide
15, 133 (2006),
Abstract;
Assignment of the EPR spectrum of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) superoxide spin adduct: J.L. Clement, et al.; J. Org. Chem.
70, 1198 (2005),
Abstract;
Characterization of the high-resolution ESR spectra of superoxide radical adducts of 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). Analysis of conformational exchange: S. Dikalov, et al.; Free Radic. Res.
39, 825 (2005),
Abstract;
Evaluation of spin trapping agents and trapping conditions for detection of cell-generated reactive oxygen species: H. Shi, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
437, 59 (2005),
Abstract;
Superoxide radical anion adduct of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline n-oxide (DMPO). 1. The thermodynamics of formation and its acidity: F.A. Villamena, et al.; J. Phys. Chem. A. Mol. Spectrosc. Kinet. Environ. Gen. Theory
109, 6083 (2005),
Abstract;
Superoxide radical anion adduct of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). 2. The thermodynamics of decay and EPR spectral properties: F.A. Villamena, et al.; J. Phys. Chem. A. Mol. Spectrosc. Kinet. Environ. Gen. Theory
109, 6089 (2005),
Abstract;
A new kinetic approach to the evaluation of rate constants for the spin trapping of superoxide/hydroperoxyl radical by nitrones in aqueous media: R. Lauricella, et al.; Org. Biomol. Chem.
2, 1304 (2004),
Abstract;
Hydroxyl radical generation caused by the reaction of singlet oxygen with a spin trap, DMPO, increases significantly in the presence of biological reductants: C. Nishizawa, et al.; Free Radic. Res.
38, 385 (2004),
Abstract;
ESR measurement of rapid penetration of DMPO and DEPMPO spin traps through lipid bilayer membranes: K. Anzai, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
415, 251 (2003),
Abstract;
Electron spin resonance detection of extracellular superoxide anion released by cultured endothelial cells: J.P. Souchard, et al.; Free Radic. Res.
29, 441 (1998),
Abstract;
Formation of reactive oxygen species by pentaerithrityltetranitrate and glyceryl trinitrate in vitro and development of nitrate tolerance: S. Dikalov, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
286, 938 (1998),
Abstract;
Full Text
Formation of spin trap adducts during the decomposition of peroxynitrite: R.M. Gatti, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
349, 36 (1998),
Abstract;
Generation of nitric oxide from spin-trapping agents under oxidative conditions: K. Saito, et al.; Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 62, 275 (1998),
MDL 101,002, a free radical spin trap, is efficacious in permanent and transient focal ischemia models: M.P. Johnson, et al.; Life Sci.
63, 241 (1998),
Abstract;
Superoxide generation from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. A Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent and tetrahydrobiopterin regulatory process: Y. Xia, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
273, 25804 (1998),
Abstract;
Full Text
Oxygen-centered spin adducts of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and 2H-imidazole 1-oxides: A.G. Krainev, et al.; J. Magn. Reson. B.
111, 272 (1996),
Abstract;
Nitrone spin traps and a nitroxide antioxidant inhibit a common pathway of thymocyte apoptosis: A.F. Slater, et al.; Biochem. J.
306, 771 (1995),
Abstract;
Nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite: putative mediators of NMDA-induced cell death in cerebellar granule cells: M. Lafon-Cazal, et al.; Neuropharmacology
32, 1259 (1993),
Abstract;
The spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals with DMPO (5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide): more about iron: G.R. Buettner; Free Radic. Res. Comm.
19 Suppl 1, S79 (1993),
Abstract;
