Microcystin-HtyR



ALX-350-174-C025	25 µg	163.00 USD

ALX-350-174-C100	100 µg	357.00 USD

Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa. Microcystin containing a homotyrosine (Hty) in position 2 and arginine (R) in position 4. Hepatotoxic.

Product Specification

Alternative Name:	[Hty2]microcystin-YR

Identity:	Identity determined by MS.

Formula:	C₅₃H₇₄N₁₀O₁₃

MW:	1058.5

Purity:	≥95% (HPLC)

Appearance:	White to off-white powder or oily film adhered to inside of the vial.

Source/Host:	Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa.

Solubility:	Soluble in methanol or DMSO.

Long Term Storage:	-20°C

Hazard:	HIGHLY IRRITANT. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC.

Handling:	For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap.

Background / Technical Information:	Microcystins are a group of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacterial genera. The most notable of which, and namesake, is the widespread genus Microcystis. Structurally, all microcystins consist of the generalized structure cyclo(-D-Ala¹-X²-D-MeAsp³-Y⁴-Adda⁵-D-Glu⁶-Mdha⁷-). X and Y are variable L-amino acids, D-MeAsp is D-erythro-ß-methylaspartic acid and Mdha is N-methyldehydroalanine. Adda is the cyanobacteria unique C₂₀ ß-amino acid 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid. Substitutions of the variable L-amino acids at positions 2 and 4 give rise to at least 21 known primary microcystin analogs and alterations in the other constituent amino acids result in more than 90 reported mycrocystins to date.

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Product Literature References

Detection of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins: J. McElhiney and L.A. Lawton; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 203, 219 (2005), Abstract;

Inhibition of several protein phosphatases by a non-covalently interacting microcystin and a novel cyanobacterial peptide, nostocyclin: C.J. Hastie, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1726, 187 (2005), Abstract;

Production of secondary metabolites by freshwater cyanobacteria: K. Harada; Pharm. Bull. 52, 889 (2004), Abstract;

The toxicology of microcystins: R.M. Dawson; Toxicon 36, 953 (1998), Abstract;

The cyanotoxins: W.W. Carmichael; Adv. Bot. Res. 27, 211 (1997),

Structures of three new homotyrosine-containing microcystins and a new homophenylalanine variant from Anabaena sp. strain 66.: M. Namikoshi, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 5, 661 (1992), Abstract;