Cited in several water quality-related research articles
Microcystin-YR (MC-YR) is an analog of microcystin-LR (Prod. No. ALX-350-012) with Tyr substituted in place of Leu. As for all microcystins, the conjugated double bonds in the Adda moiety cause a characteristic absorption maximum at 238nm. The Tyr residue in position 2 of microcystin-YR confers an absorption maximum at 232nm. MC-YR is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and a useful reference compound for environmental analysis. The hydroxyl group of the Tyr residue may prove useful for linking MC-YR via conjugation to other chemicals. MC-YR inhibits the synthesis of proteases such as cathepsin D and L, and arginine aminopeptidase.
Product Details
Alternative Name:
MC-YR
Formula:
C52H72N10O13
MW:
1045.2
Source:
Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa.
CAS:
101064-48-6
Purity:
≥95% (HPLC)
Identity:
Identity determined by MS.
Appearance:
Whitish film adhered to inside of the vial.
Solubility:
Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol, or 100% methanol.
Shipping:
Ambient Temperature
Long Term Storage:
-20°C
Handling:
For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap.
Scientific Background:
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes mostly present in freshwater ecosystems. The increasingly frequent appearance of cyanobacteria blooms in lakes and rivers is linked to climate changes and human activities. Microcystins are a group of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacterial genera. The most notable of which, and namesake, is the widespread genus Microcystis. Structurally, all microcystins consist of the generalized structure cyclo(-D-Ala1-X2-D-MeAsp3-Y4-Adda5-D-Glu6-Mdha7-). X and Y are variable L-amino acids, D-MeAsp is D-erythro-β-methylaspartic acid and Mdha is N-methyldehydroalanine. Adda is the cyanobacteria unique C20 β-amino acid 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid. Substitutions of the variable L-amino acids at positions 2 and 4 give rise to at least 21 known primary microcystin analogs and alterations in the other constituent amino acids result in more than 90 reported mycrocystins to date.
Regulatory Status:
RUO - Research Use Only
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Product Literature References
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