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 United States

Progranulin (human), (recombinant)

 
ALX-201-377-C010 10 µg 185.00 USD
 
ALX-201-377-C050 50 µg 486.00 USD
 

Product Specification

Alternative Name:Proepithelin, PEPI, PC cell-derived growth factor
 
Concentration:1mg/ml
 
Endotoxin Content:<0.1EU/µg protein (LAL-test).
 
Purity:≥90% (SDS-PAGE)
 
Formulation:Liquid. 0.2µm-filtered solution in PBS.
 
Source/Host:Produced in HEK 293 cells. Signal peptide and mature human progranulin (aa 1-593) is fused at the C-terminus to a FLAG®-tag.
 
Long Term Storage:-20°C
 
Use/Stability:Working aliquots are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
 
Handling:After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
 
Miscellaneous/General:Progranulin (PGRN) has been shown to be a widely expressed pluripotent growth factor which plays a role in processes such as development, wound repair and inflammation by activating signalling cascades that control cell cycle progression and cell motility. PGRN has also been linked to tumorigenesis. The function of PGRN in the central nervous system (CNS) is also of interest, because mutations in the PGRN gene have been identified in cases of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD).
 
Background / Technical Information:UniProt ID P28799: Granulins (human)
FLAG is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co.
 
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Figure 1: SDS-PAGE of Progranulin (human) (rec.) (Prod. No. ALX-201-377).
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Figure 2: Deglycosylation of Progranulin (human) (rec.) (Prod. No. ALX-201-377).Method: To examine deglycosylation of Progranulin (human) (rec.) (Prod. No. ALX-201-377), 1 µg of Progranulin (human) (rec.) (Prod. No. ALX-201-377) was denatured with 1x Glycoprotein Denaturing Buffer at 100°C for 10 minutes. After the addition of NP-40 and G7 Reaction Buffer, two-fold dilutions of PNGase F were added and the reaction mix was incubated for 1 or 3 hour at 37°C. Separation of reaction products was visualized by immunoblotting with Polyclonal Antibody to Progranulin (human) (Prod. No. ALX-210-465).  Lane 1: non-treatedLane 2: PNGase F, 1h Lane 3: PNGase F, 3h
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Figure 3: The effects of phospho-ERK1/2 and non phospho-ERK1/2 by Progranulin (human) (rec.) (Prod. No. ALX-201-377) in THP-1 cells. Method: To examine the signal of phospho-p44/42 MAPK and p44/42 MAP kinase, reactions were carried out at 37°C over 0, 30, 60, min., respectively by adding the recombinant protein (100ng/ml) to the THP-1 monocyte cells, which were maintained with serum starvation for 24 hours. Recombinant proteins in lanes 1, 2 and 3 were subjected to THP-1 monocyte cell treatments over 0, 30, 60 min., respectively.
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Figure 4: The effects of phospho-ERK1/2 and non phospho-ERK1/2 by Progranulin (human) (rec.) (Prod. No. ALX-201-377) in MCF10A cells. Method: To examine the signal of phospho-p44/42 MAPK and p44/42 MAP kinase, reactions were carried out at 37°C over 0, 30, 60, min., respectively by adding the recombinant protein (500ng/ml) to the MCF10A human breast epithelial cells, which were maintained with serum starvation for 24 hours. Recombinant proteins in lanes 2, 3 and 4 were subjected to MCF10A human breast epithelial cell treatments over 0, 30, 60 min., respectively.
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Figure 5: Chemotaxis effect of Progranulin (human) (rec.) (Prod. No. ALX-201-377) in THP-1 cells.Method: Cell migration of THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells ws evaluated in disposable 24-well transwell polystyrene membrane with 8µm size pores. 0ng/ml, 10ng/ml, 100ng/ml and 250ng/ml of human recombinant progranulin were diluted in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 0.5% FBS respectively. In case boiled human progranulin, proteins were boiled at 100°C for 10 min. and then human progranulin samples were added to the lower chamber. THP-1 cells (2x105 cells per well) in the same media with human recombinant progranulin (Prod. No. ALX-201-377) were added to the upper chamber. After 16 hours incubation at 37°C in 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere, migration cells in the lower chamber were counted. Migrated cells in two separate fields per well from triplicate wells were enumerated on a hemacytometer by means of light microscopy.
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Figure 6: Transwell migration assay comparing Progranulin (human) (rec.) (Prod. No. ALX-201-377) (hPrgn) and human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (hMCP-1) using PTX-treated or PD98059-treated THP-1 cells.
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General Literature References

Progranulin: normal function and role in neurodegeneration: J.L. Eriksen & I.R. Mackenzie; J. Neurochem. 104, 287 (2008), (Review), Abstract;
Progranulin in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and neuroinflammation: Z. Ahmed, et al.; J. Neuroinflammation 4, 7 (2007), (Review), Abstract; Full Text
Progranulin (granulin-epithelin precursor, PC-cell-derived growth factor, acrogranin) mediates tissue repair and tumorigenesis: Z. He & A. Bateman; J. Mol. Med. 81, 600 (2003), Abstract;
Progranulin is a mediator of the wound response: Z. He, et al.; Nat. Med. 9, 225 (2003), Abstract;
Granulins, a novel class of peptide from leukocytes: A. Bateman, et al.; BBRC 173, 1161 (1990), Abstract;

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